Review Article

Year : 2022 | Volume : 10 | Issue : 1 | Page : 23 -27

SILVER DIAMINE FLUORIDE - A REVIEW

P.K. Sasikumar 1 , Hariprasath Nagarajan 2

1 Department of Periodontics, JKKN Dental College and Hospitals, Natarajapuram, Komarapalayam, Tamil Nadu 638 183 2 Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Vellapanchavadi, Poonamallee, Chennai- 600 077

Address for correspondence

Dr. Hariprasath Nagarajan,

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai-600077E-mail address-drharithedentist@gmail.comHow to cite this article: SasikumarP. K and Hariprasath N, Silver Diamine Fluoride -A Review. Int J Comm Dent 2022;10(1):23-27. Received: 26-04-22; Accepted: 10-06-22; Web Published: 14-06-22.

ABSTRACT

Despite the fact that the prevalence and severity of dental caries in children has decreased in recent decades, children from low socioeconomic backgrounds continue to endure the consequences of dental caries in many developed and developing nations. The antibacterial action of silver compounds has been demonstrated through the use of silver compounds for the prevention and treatment of various infections for over a century. Though silver diamine fluoride (SDF) was used to prevent dental cavities in Japan throughout the 1970s, it was little known in the rest of the globe. A 38 percent (44,800 ppm fluoride) SDF solution is now widely used in several countries to prevent cavities and relieve hypersensitivity in primary and permanent teeth. SDF application to prevent dental cavities is a non-invasive, rapid, and uncomplicated technique. According to reports from published studies, SDF application did not cause serious pulpal damage. It does, however, have some disadvantages, such as black darkening of carious teeth and an unpleasant metallic taste. However, due to its low cost and ease of usage, SDF appears to be a good therapeutic agent for use in community dental health projects.

KEYWORDS- Dental Caries, Fluorides, SDF, Silver diamine fluoride

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

Nil

CONFLICT OF INTERESTS:

All the authors declare that there was no conflict of interest in the present study.

How to cite this article: Sasikumar P, & Hariprasath Nagarajan. (2022). SILVER DIAMINE FLUORIDE - A REVIEW. International Journal of Community Dentistry, 10(1), 23–27. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjcommunitydent.v10i1.49

Received: 26-04-22; Accepted: 10-06-22; Web Published: 14-06-22.

Review Article

Year : 2022 | Volume : 10 | Issue : 1 | Page : 18 - 22

PEPTIDES IN REMINERALISATION - A REVIEW

Arungani NS 1, Kalaivani Venkadessan 2

1 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Pondicherry 2 Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Vellapanchavadi, Poonamallee, Chennai- 600 077

Address for correspondence

Dr. Kalaivani V, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai600077

E-mail address-kalai11venki@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Caries develop when the remineralization and demineralization equilibriums are out of balance. When the demineralization level exceeds 30%, the enamel suffers irreversible damage. As a result, non-invasive techniques for early detection and management of these reversible incipient lesions are recommended. Fluorides are the most important and effective, and their local efficacy has been widely researched. Many new innovations have been introduced for remineralisation of the early lesions, such as ACP-CPP, Self-assembling peptides, etc., CPP–ACP is a milk product that aids in remineralization and dental caries prevention. Amorphous calcium phosphate is delivered by casein phosphopeptide, which also aids ACP binding to dental enamel. The natural amino acids Glutamine, Glutamic acid, Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, Serine, and Arginine make up the self-assembling peptide P11-4, which is intended to form brils at low pH and to be monomeric at higher pH. Furthermore, studies are to be conducted to learn about the mechanism of Self-assembling peptides.

KEYWORDS- Dental Caries, Peptides, Remineralization.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

Nil

CONFLICT OF INTERESTS:

All the authors declare that there was no conflict of interest in the present study.

How to cite this article:Arungani NS, & Kalaivani Venkadessan. (2022). PEPTIDES IN REMINERALISATION - A REVIEW. International Journal of Community Dentistry, 10(1), 18–22. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjcommunitydent.v10i1.48

Received: 28-04-22; Accepted: 10-06-22; Web Published: 14-06-22.

Review Article

Year : 2022 | Volume : 10 | Issue : 1 | Page : 13-7

NON-NUTRITIVE SWEETENERS AND ITS HEALTH IMPLICATIONS -A REVIEW

Channesh Patel 1, SathyaKumaresan 2

1 Department of Conservative and Endodontics, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere-577004, 2 Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai-600077

Address for Correspondence:

Dr. Sathya Kumaresan,

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai-600077

E-mail address-sathu.kumaresan@gmail.com

Abstract

Nonnutritive sweeteners (NNS) have been widely used in various therapeutic and dairy   products and have become an inseparable part of our routine life. They deliver far less calories and intense sweetness than their sugar-containing counterparts. The United States Food and Drug Administration recognizes Aspartame, saccharine, sucralose, neotame, acesulfame-K, and stevia safe for consumption by diabetics. They also aid in weight loss. However, there is inconclusive evidence to support most of their uses. In addition, the lack of interventional studies has proven inadequate to evaluate their efficacy in different populations like pregnant, breastfeeding women. Furthermore, the susceptible population comprising of diabetics, epileptic patients are more likely to sustain the deteriorating effects of NNS-containing products. The current review signifies the benefits and the potential risks of using them based on dietary guidelines.

Keywords:

Diabetes, metabolic disorder, non-nutritive sweeteners, obesity

CONFLICT OF INTERESTS:

All the authors declare that there was no conflict of interest in the present study.

SOURCE OF FUNDING:

Nil

How to cite this article: Channesh P &, Sathya K. Non-Nutritive Sweeteners and Its Health Implications -A Review.Int J Comm Dent 2022;10(1):13-17. DOI:https://doi.org/10.56501/intjcommunitydent.v10i1.601

Original Article

Year : 2022 | Volume : 10 | Issue : 1 | Page : 7 -12

Perceptions of Covid-19 in school children of 6-12 years in Thiruvallur district-A Cross-sectional Study

Karthiga Mohankumar 1 , Sarika Balaganesh 2

1 Postdoctoral Preceptor in Section of Periodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 2Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Poonamalle High Road, Chennai-600077

Address for correspondence :

Dr. Sarika Balaganesh,

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai-600077 E-mail address- drsarika1995@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Background:

It is important to know the current level of knowledge, perception, and practices about COVID-19 of children for their safety when left on their own in the community. Knowing this would help the policymakers, parents, and teachers to decide the appropriate ways and content that needs to be explained to them in order to ensure the appropriate steps are taken by children to protect themselves when not supervised.

Objective:

To find the level of knowledge (spread, symptom), perception about the disease and its outcome, and practice of safety precautions about COVID-19 by school-going children of age 6 years to 16 years using a questionnaire in a Quiz format as per the score of the quiz.

Method:

A survey in the form of Quiz was devised and circulated on school groups and social media. Willing parents were asked to get it filled by their children. A total of 786 responses were obtained in months‟ time (15 May-15 June 2020). Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results:

More than 90 % of the children believed that fever, cough, and sore throat were the signs of COVID-19. Children were not aware that loss of smell was a sign of COVID 19. 84% of the children answered that recovery is possible after COVID -19 viral infection and 13% of the children were not sure.

Conclusion:

Students were aware of the pandemic which the world is under and the signs of the covid virus is also well known by the students. Television and social media played a vital role in transferring information KEYWORDS- Covid-19, lockdown, house surgeons, dental curriculum, rotational postings

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: Nil

CONFLICT OF INTERESTS: All the authors declare that there was no conflict of interest in the present study

How to cite this article: Karthiga Mohankumar, & Sarika Balaganesh. (2022). Perceptions of Covid-19 in school children of 6-12 years in Thiruvallur district-A Cross sectional Study. International Journal of Community Dentistry, 10(1), 7–12. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjcommunitydent.v10i1.31

Received: 17-05-22; Accepted: 10-06-22; Web Published: 11-06-2022

Review Article

Year : 2022 | Volume : 10 | Issue : 1 | Page : 1 -6

SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS SCALE-MODIFIED KUPPUSWAMY SCALE FOR THE YEAR 2022

Gunjan Kumar1, Payal Dash 2, Jayeshmit Patnaik3, Gitanjali Pany41

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed-to-be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha2 Department of Public Health Dentistry, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed-to-be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha3 Critical Care Medicine, Care Hospital Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 4 Department of Home Science, D.R.Nayapalli College, Bhubaneswar, Odisha

Address for correspondence

Dr. Payal Dash, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed-to-be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha.

E-mail address-drpayaldash@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Socioeconomic status is one of the most essential indicators to evaluate the health status and nutritional status of a family. Many composite indexes have been proposed. Few international scales are the Hollingshead scale, Nakao and Treas scale, Blishen, Carroll, and Moore scale, In India, the scales can be categorized into those scales applicable in rural, urban, or both. The various scales are the Rahudkar scale, B. G Prasad scale, Udai Parikh scale, Jalota scale, Kuppuswamy scale, Gaur classification, and Bhardwaj scale for children, SC Tiwari and Amrish Kumar and Agarwal scale. Updated modified Kuppuswamyscales is the most common and widely socioeconomic status scale in India in urban settings. But due to the rapidly growing economic rate, the available scales have been ineffective. Therefore, in this review article, the Kuppuswamyscale has been updated for the year 2022.

KEYWORDS-Social Class, Family, Income, Education, Occupations

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

Nil

CONFLICT OF INTERESTS:

All the authors declare that there was no conflict of interest in the present study

How to cite this article:

Gunjan Kumar, Dash, P., Jayeshmit Patnaik, & Gitanjali Pany. (2022). SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS SCALE-MODIFIED KUPPUSWAMY SCALE FOR THE YEAR 2022. International Journal of Community Dentistry, 10(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjcommunitydent.v10i1.26

Received: 26-03-22; Accepted: 28-04-22; Web Published: 10-06-2022

Case Report

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 215 - 220

Comprehensive Management of an Autistic Patient with Mental Retardation under General Anesthesia

Allwin Antony, R. Ramesh

Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, KVG Dental College and Hospital, Sullia, Karnataka, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. R. Ramesh,

Tc 85/1984(2), Geetha Bhavan, Seeveli Nagar, Kaithamukku, Thiruvananthapuram ‐ 695 024, Kerala, India.

E‐mail: rameshkdc@gmail.com

Abstract

Background:

Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by severe deficits in social interaction and communication and one of the most heritable complex genetic disorders in psychiatry. Comprehensive management of these children requires multidisciplinary teamwork.

Case Report:

A 16‐year‐old male patient was brought to the Department of Pedodontics and preventive dentistry by his parents with complaints of pain and sensitivity of teeth and consequent difficulty in eating in the lower left back tooth region for 2 weeks. Since the patient was combative in nature comprehensive management was planned under general anesthesia. Complete rehabilitation including pulpectomy, restoration, fluoride varnish application, and parental counseling was done. After the procedure, the patient recovered well from the pain discomfort he was having and significant improvement in his oral hygiene was noted. After 4 weeks, follow visit revealed significant improvement in his behavior.

Keywords: Autistic disorder, dental care for children, dental care for people with disabilities, epilepsy, oral health, special‐care dentistry

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Antony A, Ramesh R. Comprehensive management of an autistic patient with mental retardation under general anesthesia. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:215-20.

Original Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page :208 - 214

A Hospital-Based Case–Control Study to Explore the Association of Bruxism and Cardiovascular Diseases in Himachal Pradesh, India

Ragini Bhatia, Chaudhary Rajesh1, Sood Saloni2

Block Co-ordinator in Comprehensive primary Healthcare project, PGI Chandigarh, Department of Community Medicine and Public health. MPH from Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 1 General Surgeon at Civil Hospital, Nagrota Bagwan, Himachal Pradesh, 2 Associate Professor of Anesthesia in District Hospital Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Ragini Bhatia,

Brij Lal Chaudhary, Near Mela Ground, Dari, Dharamshala ‐ 176 057, Himachal Pradesh, India.

E‐mail: ginnu.raj@gmail.com

Abstract

Aims and Objectives:

The cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) all over the world results in huge disease burden that has catastrophic social and economic effects. The main objectives of this study are to explore possible association of bruxism with CVD and to document other factors associated with (CVDs) and bruxism.

Subjects and Methods:

It is an observational study done in two hospitals of district Kangra, Himachal Pradesh. A case–control study design was used to study the association of bruxism and CVDs. Cases were patients having history of CVDs and controls were without CVDs. Self‐reporting questionnaire and tooth wear index were used as research instruments.

Results:

A total of 80 subjects with CVD (62 years, standard deviation [SD] ‐ 11.8, 53% men) were compared with 80 controls (58.9 years, SD ‐ 11.15, 55% men). Bruxism was found to be more prevalent in patients with CVD (71.3% vs. 57.3%, P = 0.00043). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, bruxism was independently associated with CVD (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–5.8, P = 0.016 and an unadjusted OR 3.16,95% CI, 1.66–6.21, P = 0.000529), explaining that the odds of having CVD is 3.16 times higher in patients with bruxism than participants without bruxism.

Conclusions:

More research (cohort studies) needs to be conducted to find the emerging risk factors for CVDs. Through the help of dentists, doctors, and community health workers, the general population shall be made aware of bruxism, CVDs, and their possible association.

Keywords: Bruxism, cardiovascular diseases, prevalence of bruxism in cardiovascular disease patients

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Bhatia R, Rajesh C, Saloni S. A hospital-based case–control study to explore the association of bruxism and cardiovascular diseases in Himachal Pradesh, India. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:208-14.

Original Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 203 - 207

Influence of Mother’s Knowledge on the Oral Hygiene Habits of their Preschool Children

N. Khaaviya, R. Ramiya, V. Kalaivani

Department of Public Health and Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. N. Khaaviya,

Department of Public Health and Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, India.

E‐mail: khaaviyanedumaran@gmail.com

Abstract

Aim:

Children under 7 years of age generally spend most of their time with parents or guardians, especially mothers. Parents play a central role in giving children the information and encouragement needed for healthy lives. Parental oral health knowledge, belief, and attitudes influence the oral health maintenance, dietary habits, and healthy behavior of their children. The aim of this study was to assess the mother’s oral health care knowledge and to assess the oral health status of their child.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 130 mothers along with their child of 1–7 years were randomly selected for the study. A 19‐point questionnaire including dietary practices and oral hygiene practices was designed to assess the knowledge of the mothers regarding oral health of their child. Oral examination of the children was done by the World Health Organization criteria for recording children’s oral health status.

Results:

About 87% of the mothers agreed that intake of food with excessive sugars can cause cavities, and 95.8% admitted that chocolates cause the most decay. 80.5% agreed to the fact that leaving a milk bottle all night increases the risk for tooth decay, however, 59.3% of mothers were of the opinion that dental visit is must only in the presence of decay. 59.3% of mothers were unaware about the optimal fluoride content. 71.7% of mothers agreed that caries in deciduous teeth are a matter of concern. The average decayed score of the children was 2.9% and 77.9% of the children had a fair to good oral hygiene status.

Conclusion:

Instead of the fact that most of the health care knowledge that the mothers had was primarily from the family elders, they were aware of caries risk factors, toothbrushes and amount of toothpaste and bacteria from mother’s cavities can infect the child. This could be observed by less number of decayed teeth and good oral hygiene status of the children. However, parent’s knowledge, attitudes, and few beliefs regarding dental care need to be improved.

Keywords: Oral health care, oral health status, preschool children

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article: Khaaviya N, Ramiya R, Kalaivani V. Influence of mother’s knowledge on the oral hygiene habits of their preschool children. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:203-7.

Original Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 8 | Issue : 2 | Page : 195 - 198

Awareness about Dental Complications among Diabetic Patients in Madurai

Channesh Patel, Sathya Kumaresan1

Department of Conservative and Endodontics, College of Dental Sciences Davangere, Karnataka, 1

Department of Public Health Dentistry Saveetha Dental College Poonamallee, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Sathya Kumaresan, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College,

Poonamallee, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

E‐mail: sathu.kumaresan@gmail.com

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a growing public health concern. Preventive dental care is found to be associated with dental knowledge and hence a study was done to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices of diabetic patients attending outward patient in a government hospital in Madurai.

Methodology:

A cross‐sectional study was conducted among 308 diabetic patients attending the government hospital in Madurai. A pretested questionnaire was used. Descriptive statistics was done to describe the frequency.

Results:

It was found from the study that effect of diabetes on oral health was known by about 52 (16.9%) study subjects. Out of 308 respondents, 266 (86.4%) brushed their teeth once daily and 42 (13.6%)brushed twice daily. Only 38 (12.3%) study participants said that they want to get education on oral health and diabetes.

Conclusion:

The level of awareness about oral complication in diabetic patients was found to be deficient. Most diabetic patients were not aware about various complications of diabetes and the effect of diabetes on the oral health. The attitude of the diabetic patients toward oral health was found to be deficient. The practice of the diabetic patients toward oral health was found to be good.

Keywords: Attitude, awareness, diabetes, oral health

How to cite this article:

Patel C, Kumaresan S. Awareness about dental complications among diabetic patients in Madurai. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:195-8.

Original Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 189 - 194

Problems Faced with Complete Dentures by Elderly People Attending Clinics in Dental Hospital, Peradeniya

Gayathiry Nesarajah, R. Manori Jayasinghe1, Sachith P. Abeysundara2

Department of Nursing, Undergraduate Student, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Peradeniya, 1 Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, 2 Department of Statistics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

Address for correspondence:

Dr. R. Manori Jayasinghe,

Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.

E‐mail: manoripathiraja@yahoo.com, manorija@dental.pdn.ac.lk

Abstract

Purpose:

This study aimed at assessing physical, social and psychological problems faced by complete denture wearers and to identify the association of socioeconomic factors of the individual with the problems related to complete denture-wearing for early identification and treatment planning to improve their oral health and wellbeing.

Materials and Methods:

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at the Dental Hospital, among 96 complete denture wearers, who were 60 years and above. A pre-tested and structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data through telephone interviews. Descriptive statistics were obtained as frequencies and percentages. Chi-Square test was used to assess the association between selected demographic variables and denture information.

Results:

Most of the participants (71.9%) used their present dentures for 0-5 years. Gender and occupation significantly influenced the frequency of cleaning the mouth. The most common problems were loose dentures, longer time is taken to complete meals, consciousness while eating, difficulty in chewing and food accumulation beneath dentures. Occupation, family support and family income had significant associations with some problems related to complete dentures. Family support was the major factor that had significant association with social interactions such as difficulty in speaking, limitation in facial expression, avoiding going to parties and avoiding leaving home/resident environment. Most of the socioeconomic factors had a strong influence on participants’ self-confidence.

Conclusion:

Complete denture prosthodontics should focus on patients’ physical and psychosocial problems with their socioeconomic background to identify problems, to restore their confidence level and improve quality of life.

Keywords: Complete denture wearing, edentulism, elderly

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they do not have any conflict of interest

completely or partly toward the study.

How to cite this article:

Nesarajah G, Jayasinghe RM, Abeysundara SP. Problems faced with complete dentures by elderly people attending clinics in dental hospital, Peradeniya. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:189-94.

Original Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 199-202

Awareness and Availability of Different Treatment Options in Dentistry among the General Population in Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu

Prabhu Subramani, Yuvaraj Baskaran, Anjana Mohan, Sathish Elugundan, Mouniga Pitchaimani

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Asan Memorial Dental College and Hospital, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Prabhu Subramani,

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Asan Memorial Dental College and Hospital, Chengalpettu, Tamil Nadu, India.

E‐mail: prabhu.dent@gmail.com

Abstract

Aim:

Oral health problems are common among the general population. People have the habit to undergo dental treatment only during dental pain due to the ignorance. The present study was conducted with the aim to assess the awareness about treatment procedures and various options toward dental treatment among the general population in Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu.

Materials and Methods:

A cross‐sectional descriptive study conducted among outpatients reporting to Asan Memorial Dental College and Hospital. A self‐administered, closed‐ended questionnaire was used to assess the awareness and availability of treatment options in dentistry. The results were analyzed using SPSS Software version 23. Statistical analysis was performed by Chi‐square test for comparison.

Results:

Among 200 patients, n = 129 (64%) were aware of oral prophylaxis as treatment for bad breath and stained teeth. N = 187 (93.5%) aware of the treatment of decayed tooth. N = 192 (96%) were aware of the treatments for fractured tooth. N = 188 (94%) were aware of the treatment options for missing tooth. N = 177 (88.5%) were aware of the different orthodontic treatments for malocclusion.

Conclusion:

The majority of the study population investigated, were aware of various treatment options available in dental practice.

Keywords: Awareness, dental caries, dental treatments, knowledge

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Subramani P, Baskaran Y, Mohan A, Elugundan S, Pitchaimani M. Awareness and availability of different treatment options in dentistry among the general population in Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:199-202.

Original Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 8 | Issue : 2 | Page : 185 - 188

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Related to Tobacco Use among IT Professionals in Chennai – A Cross-sectional Study

Selvamani Baskaran, R. Palanivel Pandian1 , Sathish Rajendran2

Public Health Dentistry, Priyadharshini Dental College and Hospital, 2 Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, 1 Public Health Dentistry, Best Dental Science College and Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Selvamani Baskaran,

No: 6/151, Avadi Road, Senneerkuppam, Poonamallee, Chennai ‐ 600 056, Tamil Nadu, India.

E‐mail: selvamani870@gmail.com

Aim:

The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice related to tobacco usage among IT professionals in Chennai.

Subjects and Methods:

A cross‐sectional descriptive study was conducted among 615 IT professionals in Chennai. Apreformed questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice related to tobacco use. Statistical tests used were frequency distribution and Chi‐square test.

Results:

Out of 615 study participants, 495 (486 males and 9 females) have consumed tobacco. Among 486 males who consumed tobacco, 481 consumed cigarettes and 5 consumed pan zarda. Among the 9 females who consumed tobacco, all of them consumed cigarettes. Majority of the tobacco consumers (244) reported that they consume tobacco to relieve from tension. Out of 495 tobacco users, only 214 tobacco users attempted to quit the habit. Out of 214 tobacco users who attempted to quit, only 97 tobacco users quit the habit. Among the 97 tobacco users who quit the habit, 56 stated that they encountered health hazards and 41 reported that they quit the tobacco habit for the sake of family members. Among the tobacco users who have not attempted to quit the habit, 155 tobacco users stated that they did not felt it was necessary to quit the habit. Out of 615 study participants, only 255 study participants support strict legislation on tobacco use. Out of 486 males, 354 study participants stated that smoking near them was not harmful, while out of 129 females, majority of them, i.e., 122 study participants, stated that smoking near them was harmful (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

It was found from the study that majority of the study participants were tobacco users and cigarette was the most commonly used form of tobacco. Although majority of the study participants reported that they were aware of the ill effects of tobacco, they were not reported to support strict legislation related to tobacco use.

Keywords: Cigarette, health professionals, smoking, tobacco

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Baskaran S, Pandian RP, Rajendran S. Knowledge, attitude, and practice related to tobacco use among IT professionals in Chennai – A cross-sectional study. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:185-8.

Original Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 180 - 184

Perception, Impact, and Barriers of Online Learning among Dental Students in Chennai City

R. Kesavan, A. Vinita Mary, Preethi Ganesh, P. Rithika Raj, V. Lalitha Priya, S. Elakiya

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. R. Kesavan,

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, TamilNadu, India.

E‐mail: keshavan84@gmail.com

Abstract

Background:

Electronic learning is an influential technological tool that blends the traditional teaching and electronic resources and had become an imperative platform in supporting the education system in recent years due to COVID‐19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:

A cross‐sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among the dental students across Chennai to evaluate the impact of online learning and to identify the barriers faced that will aid in formulating alternative strategies to reduce the difficulties and improve the quality of learning. The study population was selected based on certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data collection was done through a validated questionnaire with assistance from Google Forms.

Results:

It was found that around 67% of the participants had not attended any online classes before COVID‐19. Half of them had Internet connectivity issues during online classes and about 62% of the students faced lots of distractions during online classes. When the participants were asked about their learning preference, majority of them responded that they were comfortable with the traditional method.

Conclusion:

It was concluded that students had experienced connectivity and other technical issues during these classes and most of them were able to manage it. The major disadvantage of online classes was they were not able to reproduce a practical and clinical hands‐on experience, which is indispensable for health‐care students. However, the students were able to cope up with it since there was the only choice existing.

Keywords: Challenges, COVID‐19, influence, insight, online learning

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Kesavan R, Mary AV, Ganesh P, Raj PR, Priya VL, Elakiya S. Perception, impact, and barriers of online learning among dental students in Chennai City. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:180-4.

Original Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 175 - 179

Development of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders in Tobacco Using Population in Union Territory, Chandigarh – An Observational Study

Saikat Chakraborty, Kashish Singh1, Vimal Kalia2, Shikha Tyagi3, Bir Singh Chavan4

Senior Research Fellow, Oral and Maxillofacial Pathologist, NGO Parivartan, 1 Post Graduate Student, Department of Radiation Oncology, GMCH 32, Chandigarh,2 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Private Practitioner, Panchkula, 3 General Secretary, NGO Parivartan, 4 Past President, NGO Parivartan Cum Head of the Department,

Department of Psychiatry, GMCH 32, Chandigarh, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Saikat Chakraborty,

NGO Parivartan, DART Building, Opp. St. Annes School, Sector 32 C, Chandigarh ‐ 160 032, India.

E‐mail: chakraborty.saikat83@gmail.com

Abstract

Introduction:

Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are characterized by suspicious mucosal changes in oral mucosa that predispose it to malignancy. It is a general consensus that OPMDs show higher risk of malignant changes within the first 5 years of diagnosis, if not promptly treated. Agreeably, tobacco is the most important etiological factor in this scenario. In our pilot study, we attempted to observe the frequency of OPMD in a cohort of tobacco users in Union Tertiary, Chandigarh.

Materials and Methods:

The study was undertaken in rehabilitation colonies under the Municipal Corporation Chandigarh using a household survey approach. The sociodemographic forms were filled out for the participants. Risk assessment was done on: Using tobacco in any form. Presence of any chronic nonhealing ulcer. After obtaining the written informed consent, the oral pathologist conducted the visual inspection of oral cavity. The subjects with clinical lesions underwent vital staining using 1% toluidine blue. The results of the test were categorized as positive and negative staining. Demonstration of self‐examination of the mouth was given to all the participants.

Results:

The results are mentioned in tables provided. Discussion: High prevalence of oral and oropharyngeal cancers in India is due to tobacco usage. Changes in oral tissues developing in tobacco consumers have greater potential for malignant transformation as those developing in nonconsumers.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, we attempted to put forth 3 A’s i.e., Awareness, Action and Agreement.

Keywords: Community, potentially malignant, self‐examination, tobacco, toluidine blue stain, white/red patch

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Chakraborty S, Singh K, Kalia V, Tyagi S, Chavan BS. Development of oral potentially malignant disorders in tobacco using population in Union Territory, Chandigarh – An observational study. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:175-9.

Original Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 171 - 174

Knowledge and Practice of Rubber Dam Usage among Dental Practitioners

Hariprasath Nagarajan, P. Sasikumar Karuppanan1

Departments of Public Health Dentistry and 1

Periodontics, JKKN Dental College and Hospital, Komarapalayam, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Hariprasath Nagarajan,

JKKN Dental College and Hospital, Komarapalayam, Tamil Nadu, India.

E‐mail: drharithedentist@gmail.com

Abstract

Background:

The purpose of the present study is to determine the rubber dam usage among dental practitioners, specifically focusing on endodontic treatment, evaluate the problems they encountered, and gather information about their prospective presumptions about using it in future.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to evaluate the information regarding the use of rubber dam among dental practitioners.

Materials and Methods:

The usage of rubber dam use has been quantified based on the questionnaires which were distributed to dental practitioners. Questions were asked about areas where the practitioners used rubber dam, its advantages and difficulties, and whether they agreed or disagreed with some aspects of the rubber dam. The questionnaire was then collected and evaluated. Descriptive statistics were calculated.

Results:

About 78% of the dental practitioners have adequate and satisfactory education regarding the use of rubber dam.

Conclusion:

Rubber dam makes dentistry easier, faster, safer, and more satisfying for the operator. This research concludes that it is necessary to increase the knowledge and awareness of dental practitioners about the rubber dam and its application

Keywords: Clinical practice, practitioners, rubber dam

Financial support and sponsorship

self funded.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Nagarajan H, Karuppanan PS. Knowledge and practice of rubber dam usage among dental practitioners. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:171-4.

Original Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 8 | Issue : 2 | Page : 168 -170

Assessment of Dental Caries Using Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment Index in Children of Age 5-10 Years

V. Kalaivani, R. Ramiya, N. Khaaviya

Department of Public Health and Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. V. Kalaivani,

Department of Public Health and Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, India.

E‐mail: kalai11venki@gmail.com

Abstract

Introduction:

Dental caries is the most prevalent disease of oral health in school‐aged children around the world. Although different caries detection/diagnosis criteria are available, none of them includes the total spectrum of dental caries (which ranges from a sound tooth to tooth loss due to caries) other than caries assessment spectrum and treatment (CAST) Index. CAST index covers the total dental caries spectrum from no carious lesion through caries protection (sealant) and caries cure (restoration) to carious lesions in enamel and dentin, and the advanced stages of carious lesion progression in pulp and tooth surrounding tissue.

Methodology:

A cross‐sectional study was conducted among children of age 5–10 years to detect the prevalence of dental caries using CAST index in Panchayat Union Primary School in Sundharipalayam and Koot‐road (east), Villupuram. A total of 100 samples were selected based on inclusion criteria.

Results:

Only 33% had sound dentition, 0% had sealant and restoration, presence of caries in enamel and/or dentine ranged from 9% to 33%. Pulpal involvement was observed in 13% and abscess/fistula was present in 7% of participants in at least one tooth. 5% had lost at least one tooth due to caries.

Conclusion:

CAST index has been found useful in epidemiological surveys, especially in recording early carious lesions. Developers of the CAST index should throw more light on the treatment needs part of the index as well as how each code of this index can be utilized in controlling dental caries in a community.

Keywords: Caries assessment, caries, caries assessment spectrum and treatment

Financial support and sponsorship

Self‐funded.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Kalaivani V, Ramiya R, Khaaviya N. Assessment of dental caries using caries assessment spectrum and treatment index in children of age 5-10 years. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:168-70.

Original Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 164 - 167

Knowledge, Attitude, Practice about Prevention of Oral Diseases among Government Higher Secondary School

Teachers in Madurai

P. Mercy, Sarika Balaganesh1 Private Practitioner, Ariyalur, 1

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Sarika Balaganesh,

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, No. 162, Poonamalle High Road, Chennai ‐ 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India.

E‐mail: drsarika1995@gmail.com

Abstract

Background:

A teacher with adequate knowledge, positive attitude toward oral health can always play an important role in health education of school children and be an inspiration for children. Objective: The objective of the study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice about oral disease government higher secondary school teachers in Madurai.

Materials and Methods:

A cross‐sectional questionnaire study was conducted among 250 higher secondary school teachers in Madurai. The data on oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices were collected using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi‐square test.

Results:

A cross‐sectional study was conducted among 250 school teachers, one hundred and seventy‐four were male, and seventy‐six were female. Out of 250 study participants, only (2.4%) reported tooth decay as infectious. Most of the study subjects were aware that tobacco usage may lead to oral cancer. Majority of the study participants 236 (94.4%) used tooth brush and tooth paste to clean their teeth. Majority of them that is 236 (94.4%) used tooth brush and tooth paste to clean their teeth.

Conclusion:

The study found the school teachers having better tooth brushing practices, poor knowledge about dental caries, and better knowledge about tobacco ill effects. It was also found that they believed better training to the teachers in the subject of oral disease prevention improves oral health in school children.

Keywords: Attitude, oral health, practices, school teachers

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Mercy P, Balaganesh S. Knowledge, attitude, practice about prevention of oral diseases among government higher secondary school teachers in Madurai. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:164-7.

Original Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 160 - 163

Prevalence of Tobacco Usage in Young Urban Indian Males: A Survey

Prasanna Sekhar

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Seema Dental College and Hospital, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Prasanna Sekhar,

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Seema Dental College and Hospital, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.

E‐mail: dr.prasanna1oralpath@gmail.com

Abstract

Aim of the Study:

The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of use of tobacco in smoking form among young males.

Methodology:

One hundred Indian subjects (young males) between 15 and 40 years of age were given a questionnaire to carry out a study.

Results:

Among 68 tobacco users, there were 13, 25 and 30 people in the age group of 15-20, 21-30 and 31 – 40 year respectively.

Conclusion:

A study was done in 100 young males in urban Indian subjects to assess the prevalence of tobacco usage. Among young males, smoking habit is more prevalent than chewing tobacco usage.

Keywords: Prevalence of smoking, smoking form, tobacco

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Sekhar P. Prevalence of tobacco usage in young urban Indian males: A survey. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:160-3.

Original Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 09 | Issue : 2 | Page : 156 - 159

Use of Dental Lasers among Teaching Faculty of Private Dental Colleges in Chennai – A Questionnaire-Based Cross-Sectional Study

S. Vaishnavi, V. Indra Priyadarshni1 , Soundarya Prabhakar, B. Kumara Raja

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Rathinamangalam, 1 Department of Public Health Dentistry, Priyadarshini Dental College and Hospital, Pandur, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. S. Vaishnavi,

Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Rathinamangalam, Tamil Nadu, India.

E‐mail: vaishnaviprashanth1@gmail.com

S. Vaishnavi, V. Indra Priyadarshni1, Soundarya Prabhakar, B. Kumara Raja

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Rathinamangalam, 1 Department of Public Health Dentistry, Priyadarshini Dental College and Hospital, Pandur, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Background:

Lasers were developed with the hope of overcoming some of the drawbacks posed by conventional methods of dental procedures.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of lasers among teaching faculty of private dental colleges in Chennai.

Materials and Methods:

The cross‐sectional survey was conducted among teaching faculty of several private dental colleges in Chennai. The self‐administered validated questionnaire consisting of 15 questions regarding the dental lasers was designed and answered by 150 teaching faculty. Pearson Chi‐square test was used for statistical analysis.

Results:

Overall, 126 (84%) responded that lasers should be the part of undergraduate curriculum and 131 (87.3%) felt that cost factor is the main reason for not using lasers in dentistry.

Conclusion:

Most of the dental faculty felt that they have sufficient knowledge about lasers and hands‐on courses in continuous dental education (CDE) program will be the efficient method to gain knowledge about dental lasers.

Keywords: Dental lasers, private dental colleges, teaching faculty

Financial support and sponsorship

This was a self‐funding study.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article: Vaishnavi S, Priyadarshni VI, Prabhakar S, Raja BK. Use of dental lasers among teaching faculty of private dental colleges in Chennai – A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:156-9.

Original Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 152 - 155

Comparison between Effectiveness of Text and Pictorial Health Warnings of Tobacco Packages in Informing Tobacco Users

about Risk of Oral Cancers

Snehal Kailash Yerne

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Snehal Kailash Yerne,

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

E‐mail: sweetsnehal2929@gmail.com

Abstract

Background:

Tobacco use continues to be the leading global cause of preventable deaths, killing nearly 6 million people worldwide each year. Tobacco control must be given high priority by scaling up tobacco control measures. In India under the Control of Tobacco Product Act, it is mandatory to keep the warning labels over all kinds of tobacco products to minimize the use of tobacco.

Objectives:

To determine whether tobacco packages with graphic warning labels or text‐only warning labels had a stronger impact on addicting behavior.

Materials and Methods:

A cross‐sectional study was carried out among the group of people using tobacco in any form. Atotal of 776 tobacco users were enrolled in the study.

Results:

The mean age of tobacco users was 41.4 years. Out of the total of 776 tobacco users, 561 (72.3%) had noticed warning signals over the tobacco products. Among those who had noticed warning labels, 64.4% became aware about health effects and 66% had thought to quit tobacco. Tobacco users of the young age group (15–45) were more aware regarding warning labels. Females were less aware. As the level of education increases the number of tobacco users who tried to quit or reduce the daily quantity of tobacco intake also increases.

Conclusions:

The positive impact of warning labels has been seen among the tobacco users who have noticed them. Not all tobacco users were aware regarding the presence of warning labels as per the findings of the present study.

Keywords: Awareness, impact, oral cancers, tobacco users, warning labels

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Yerne SK. Comparison between effectiveness of text and pictorial health warnings of tobacco packages in informing tobacco users about risk of oral cancers. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:152-5.