Review

Volume 2023: Volume: 2: Issue: 4

Facial reconstruction for forensic human identification
Amritha Sripoo1
1 Graduate Student , KSR Institute of Dental Sciences, Tiruchengode.


Address for Correspondence:

Dr.Amritha Sripoo,
Address: KSR Institute of Dental Sciences, Tiruchengode.
Email address: amritha26@gmail.com.

Abstract

Forensic investigations frequently utilize facial reconstructions/approximations to stimulate recognition and
identification. The process of completing a three-dimensional clay reconstruction can take several days to
complete. With the advent of user-friendly computer software and methods, the time taken to produce a facial
reconstruction process could potentially be reduced to mere hours. These developments saves both time and
money, as well as increasing the reliability of the technique. Forensic facial reconstruction could be a very
powerful tool in future mass human identification scenarios. According to our review, 3D computer
reconstruction and video superimposition have a useful role in the process of identification, particularly in the
early stages of an investigation and when other more definitive methods may not be available.


Key words

3-Dimensional; 3D Reconstruction; Forensic Dentistry; Forensic Science;, Mass disaster.

Financial support and sponsorship :

Nil

Conflicts of interest :

There are no conflicts of interest

How to cite this article:Sripoo.Facial reconstruction for forensic human identification.IntJOralRehab2023;2:4:36-41.

Review

Volume 2023: Volume: 2: Issue: 4

Dengue: Oral manifestations and diagnosis using saliva

Prasanthi Sitaraman1, Karpagavalli Shanmugasundaram2
1 Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Medicine, Radiology, and Special Care Dentisitry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals,
SIMATS, Chennai, India.
2 Professor and Head, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Seema Dental College and Hospital, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.


Address for Correspondence:

Dr. Prasanthi Sitaraman, Senior Lecturer.
Address: Department of Oral Medicine, Radiology and Special Care Dentistry, Saveetha Dental
College and Hospitals, SIMATS, 162, Poonamalle High Road, Chennai- 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
Mobile: +91 9442561377
Email address: prasha92@yahoo.com

Abstract

Dengue is a vector borne disease and is the most common arbovirus – caused disease in humans. It is known
for its increased mortality and morbidity over the years in tropical and subtropical countries of the world. In
India, it is an endemic and is a public concern in monsoon due to increased spread of the disease as there is an
increase of mosquitoes in the season. It manifests as fever, joint pain and retro orbital pain. Diagnosis is made
by clinical and serological examination and frequently involves venepuncture. This review is about early and
non – invasive method of diagnosis of dengue using saliva and oral manifestations of dengue.


Key words

Dengue; breakbone fever; dengue hemorrhagic fever; Dengue shock syndrome; manifestations

Financial support and sponsorship :

Nil

Conflicts of interest :

There are no conflicts of interest

How to cite this article: SitaramanPandShanmigasundaramK,Dengue:Oralmanifestationsanddiagnosisusingsaliva.IntJ OralRehab2023;
2:4:28-35.

Review

Volume 2023: Volume: 2: Issue: 4

Cheiloscopy- Different methods of identification

Chenchulakshmi G1,
1 Graduate Student, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Address for Correspondence:

Dr. Chenchulakshmi, Graduate Student.
Address: SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Email address: g.chenchulakshmi@gmail.com

Abstract

As we trend in the era of technological advancements and medical breakthroughs, the human race continues to
face stiff uphill challenges in the form of crimes & heinous activities which produce irreversible damage.
Nevertheless, the collateral effects of these negative activities create shattering effects on the lives of the
victims, family & friends. Though little can be done to repair the damage inflicted, the prosecution of the
perpetrator and the identification of the victim is essential.
It is in this juncture; the field of forensics comes into the picture. The forensic specialist plays a pivotal
role or a link in between the medical & legal fields, in identification of the victim & the perpetrator. Forensic
medicine primarily deals with establishing the time & cause of death while forensic dentistry is used to establish
the identity of the individual based on the dental records. Cheiloscopy is derived from the Greek word cheilos
– lip, and skopein—to observe. It is the terminology given to the study of lip print patterns. Lip prints are normal
lines and grooves present in the zone of transition of the human lip, between the labial mucosa and the skin.
The arrangement of the lip prints is unique to each individual just like the fingerprints. Research studies and
information regarding the use of lip prints as evidence for personal identification, although old are scanty. The
recording and analyzing of lip prints is also very easy, less tedious and non – expensive. This is in stark contrast
with DNA fingerprints where the processing is difficult and time consuming and needless to mention the cost
factor involved in the processing of lip prints.


Key words

Cheiloscopy; forensic identification; lip prints.

Financial support and sponsorship :

Nil

Conflicts of interest :

There are no conflicts of interest

How to cite this article: Chenchulakshmi G, Cheiloscopy- Different methods of identification. Int J Oral Rehab 2023;2:4:20-27.

Review

Volume 2023: Volume: 2: Issue: 4

Dental identification methods


Pavithra Mohan1
1 Graduate Student, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Address for Correspondence:

Dr.Pavithra Mohan, Graduate Student.
Address:Meenakshi Ammal Dental College,Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Email address: Pavithramohan@gmail.com

Abstract

Forensic odontology is a branch that connects dentistry and the legal profession. Humans have an identity in
life; compassionate societies desire that this identity be established and recognised even after death. The need
for personal identification is becoming increasingly important in modern life and regardless of the method used
is ubiquitous in daily lives. We dentists can contribute to personal identification through several simple
methods. The dental identification methods using comparative methods offer highly reliable means of
establishing the identity of a person. But there is a huge limitation in the form of missing ante-mortem records,
even if they are present there is a deficiency in the standardisation and constant update of the same. Hence the
need of the hour is to create centralised dental records database.

Key words

Forensic odontology; dental identification; forensic identification; personal identification.

Financial support and sponsorship :

Nil

Conflicts of interest :

There are no conflicts of interest

How to cite this article: Mohan. Dental identification methods. Int J Oral Rehab 2023;3:4:9-19.

Review

Volume 2023: Volume: 2: Issue: 4

Review on the presence of bifid mandibular canal

B Valli1, Saravanan2, Jayanth Kumar V3

1 Graduate student,
2 Professor, Department of Anatomy,
3 Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Medicine, Radiology and Special Care Dentistry,
Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Address for Correspondence:

Dr. Jayanth Kumar V, Senior Lecturer.
Address: Department of Oral Medicine, Radiology and Special Care Dentistry,
Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, 162, Poonamalle High Road,
Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Mobile: +91 8056135807
Email address: doctorjayanth@gmail.com

Abstract

The mandibular canal transmits the inferior alveolar artery, vein and the inferior alveolar nerve. From an
embryological perspective, there might be three inferior dental nerves innervating three groups of mandibular
teeth. During rapid prenatal growth and remodeling in the ramus region there is spread of intramembranous
ossification that eventually forms the mandibular canal. The presence of bifid mandibular canal reported in the
literature varies from 0.08% to 0.9%. The mandibular canal is responsible for the innervations of pulp tissue of
all mandibular teeth is a target area for mandibular block technique. An extra mandibular canal may explain
inadequate anesthesia, especially when two mandibular foramina are present. During a mandibular surgery, a
second or even third, neurovascular bundle maybe damaged causing paresthesia causing neuroma development
or bleeding.

Key words

Bifid mandibular canal; inferior alveolar nerve; paraesthesia; local anesthesia; anatomic
variations

Financial support and sponsorship :

Nil

Conflicts of interest :

There are no conflicts of interest

How to cite this article: ValliB etal.,Reviewon thepresenceofbifidmandibularcanal.IntJ OralRehab2023;2:4:1-8.

Case Report

Volume 2023: Volume: 2: Issue: 3

Ectopic oral pyogenic granuloma – a case report
Sreeram Venkata Suman 1, Manne Pravallika Reddy 2, Shaik Sameeulla 3, Kotu Naga
Venkata Sai Praveen 3, Tungala Navya 4

1 Professor & HOD, 2 Post Graduate student, 3 Reader, 4 senior lecturer, Department of oral medicine & radiology, CKS Teja institute of dental sciences and research, Tirupati.

Address for Correspondence:

Dr. Manne Pravallika Reddy, Postgraduate
Address: CKS Teja Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Chadalawada
Nagar, Renigunta Road, Tirupati 517506 Andhra Pradesh, India.
Email address: pravallica.manne@gmail.com

Abstract

Exophytic lesions in the oral cavity leads to diagnostic challenge because of various appearances and
etiologic factors causing them. Pyogenic granuloma is inflammatory hyperplasia, that occurs commonly in
oral cavity of young females on the gingiva. Extraoral occurrence is very rare. This case report presents
extra-gingival pyogenic granuloma of lower labial mucosa in a 17-year-old male with unusual history and
appearance.

Key words

Gingival growth; pyogenic granuloma; tumor

Financial support and sponsorship :

Nil

Conflicts of interest :

There are no conflicts of interest

How to cite this article: Suman et al.,Ectopic Oral Pyogenic Granuloma – A case report. Int J Oral Rehab 2023;2(3):18-22

Review

Volume 2023: Volume: 2: Issue: 3

Palatoscopy in human identification
Abirami Suresh

Graduate Student, Chettinad Dental College and Research Institute

Address for Correspondence:

Dr. Abirami Suresh
Address: Chettinad Dental College & Research Institute, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Kelambakkam,
Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu 603103
Email address: ns.abirami03@gmail.com

Abstract

The primary purpose of forensic dentistry is the identification of personnel. However in places of terrorism or
mass disaster where there is extensive charring of bodies it becomes difficult to identify the individuals by
conventional means.In such scenarios before attempting DNA fingerprinting we can try to identify the victim
through rugoscopy. In edentulous individuals rugoscopy is the only means to uniquely characterise an
individual. The rugae are relatively stable landmarks in edentulous individuals where the other methods of
identification cannot be used to identify an individual.

Key words

Forensic Odontology; Palatoscopy; Human identification

Financial support and sponsorship :

Nil

Conflicts of interest :

There are no conflicts of interest

How to cite this article: Abirami Suresh et al., Palatoscopy in human identification. Int J Oral Rehab 2023;2 :3:14-17

Original Research

Volume 2023: Volume: 2: Issue: 3

Psychological status of patients suffering from potentially malignant disorders- (DAS prevalence and score assessment)

Sreeram Venkata Suman1, Shaik Ummey Salma2, Shaik Sameeulla3 , Kotu Naga Venkata Sai Praveen3, Tungala Navya Teja4, Sunil V Yuddandi

1Professor & HOD, 2 Post Graduate student, 3 Reader, 4 senior lecturer,

Department of oral medicine & radiology, CKS Teja institute of Dental sciences and research, Tirupat

Address for Correspondence:

Dr. Shaik.ummey salma, Postgraduate
Address: CKS Teja Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Chadalawada Nagar, Renigunta
Road, Tirupati 517506 Andhra Pradesh, India.Email address: salmaummey0@gmail.com

Abstract

Introduction: There are established studies indicating an increase in stress, anxiety, and depression after
diagnosis of cancer which may vary by the type of cancer, gender, and age of subjects. Potentially malignant
disorders (PMDs) are a group of chronic disorders with an increase in morbidity and mortality due to
cancerous changes. It is evident that patients with PMDs experience significant health-related symptoms,
functional limitations, and psychological impairment compromising their quality of life which could be due
to the chronic nature of the lesion as well as due to fear of developing cancer. This paper is aimed to know
the effect of PMDs on patients’ psychological profile for better management after diagnosis. Aim: To
know/assess the effects of PMDs on patients psychological profile to address them better management.
Materials and methods: A total of 80 subjects were taken. Out of them 40 subjects were with PMDs and 40
subjects were healthy individuals. Patients with psychological disorders and who are undergoing treatment
with psychological drugs were excluded from the study. Methodology: A detailed case history was recorded
and after diagnosing the condition patient is recalled after 1 week to fill the DAS scale 21 questionnaire.
Results: Results were found to be satisfactory. Mean age in group 1 and 2 were 41.85±10.79 and41.35±7.95
and gender was equally distributed. On comparison of depression, anxiety and stress in various PMDs, stress
was found to be more in OLP subjects with a mean of 13.14±1.703 and depression in OSMF subjects with a
mean of 9.75±2.434. Conclusion: Effects of chronic lesion/PMDs on psychological profile of patients is to
be addressed in the total management because this could be a factor in causing the lesion, where ignoring
this may result in poor overall management of the subjects. So this paper is aimed to know the effect of PMDs
on patients psychological profile for better management and for addressing psychological profile is
mandatory

Key words

Stress; Depression; Anxiety; Antioxidants; PMDs; OLP
Financial support and sponsorship :

Nil

Conflicts of interest :

There are no conflicts of interest

How to cite this article: Suman et al., Psychological status of patients suffering from potentially malignant disorders-(DAS Prevalence and Score Assessment). Int J Oral Rehab 2023;2:3: 8-13

Review

Volume 2023: Volume: 2: Issue: 3

Dengue:Oral manifestations and diagnosis using saliva

Prasanthi Sitaraman1, Karpagavalli Shanmugasundaram 2

1 Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India,

2 Professor and Head, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Seema Dental College and Hospital, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India

Address for Correspondence:

Prasanthi Sitaraman, Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai – 600077. Email: prasha92@yahoo.com

Abstract

Dengue is a vector borne disease and is the most common arbovirus–caused disease in humans.It is known for its increased mortality and morbidity over the years in tropical and subtropical countries of the world.In India,it is an endemic and is a public concern in monsoon due to increased spreadof the disease as there is an increase of mosquitoes in the season.It manifests as fever, joint pain and retro orbital pain. Diagnosis is made by clinical and serological examination and frequently involves venepuncture. This review is about early and non–invasive method of diagnosis of dengue using saliva and oral manifestations of dengue.

Key words

Dengue; breakbone fever; dengue hemorrhagic fever;Dengueshock syndrome; manifestations

Financial support and sponsorship :

Nil

Conflicts of interest :

There are no conflicts of interest

How to cite this article: Sitaraman P and Shanmigasundaram K,Dengue: Oral manifestations and diagnosis using saliva. IntJOralRehab2023;ArticleID:20231008;Pages1-7.

Original Article

Volume 2022; Article ID 20221007: Pages 9

Common Problems Faced by People Wearing Complete Denture

valli B

Private Practitioner, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.

Address for Correspondence:

ValliB,

PrivatePractitioner,Chennai

Email:drbvalli@gmail.com

Abstract

Introduction:

Dentures, also known as false teeth, are prosthetic Udevices constructed to replace missing teeth; they are supported by the surrounding soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity. Conventional dentures are removable (removable partial denture or complete denture). However, there are many different denture designs, some which rely on bonding or clasping onto teeth or dental implants (fixed prosthodontics). It helps in mastication, pronunciation, aesthetics and also to maintain self-esteem.

Aim and objective:

The aim of this research is to find out the common problems faced by the patients wearing complete denture.

Materials and methods:

This study was conducted in Chennai. A sample of about 50 elderly people wearing complete dentures was selected for the study. A questionnaire was used to collect all the information on gender, their problems with dentures like pain while inserting and removing the dentures, sore spots in the mucosal regions, bad breath caused due to dentures, difficulty in masticating food, accumulation of food, discomfort while speaking, digestive issues, painful or swollen gums, whether it reduces the self-confidence and  psychological gagging problems . These questions were asked in person by the investigator and the results were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively

Results and conclusion :

The results of our study showed that 72% of people did not face any pain while insertion and removal of dentures, and 44% of men had inability during chewing whereas 28%  of the women face inability during chewing. The food accumulation problem was faced by 56% of males and 72% of females. 36% of females had discomfort while speaking and 20% of males faced discomfort. And about 52% of females and 40% of males showed some amount of neglect towards denture cleansing. 48% of males and 60% of females did not face any bad breath problems because they maintained their dentures well. Both male and female of about 40% had sore spots. Digestive problems were faced by 36% of  both females and males.  32% of females and 8% of males had Painful gums . About 56% of men and 48% of women had reduced

self-esteem due to ill-fitting dentures. And also 24% of females and 20% of males had psychological gagging problem.

Keywords: Complete denture, psychological, xerostomia , gagging , discomfort

Financial support and sponsorship-

Nil

Conflicts of interest-

There are no conflicts of interest

How to Cite

B, valli. (2022). Common Problems Faced by People Wearing Complete Denture: Original Article. International Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 9. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjoralrehab.2022.711

Review Article

Volume 2022; Article ID: 20221008;Pages 7

Dengue: Oral manifestations and diagnosis using saliva

Prasanthi Sitaraman1 , Karpagavalli Shanmugasundaram2 1

Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Medicine, Radiology, and Special Care Dentisitry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai, India.

2 Professor and Head, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Seema Dental College and Hospital, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.

Address for Correspondence:

Dr. Prasanthi Sitaraman, Senior Lecturer.

Address: Department of Oral Medicine, Radiology and Special Care Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, 162, Poonamalle High Road, Chennai- 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.

Mobile: +91 9442561377 Email address: prasha92@yahoo.com

Abstract

Dengue is a vector borne disease and is the most common arbovirus – caused disease in humans. It is known for its increased mortality and morbidity over the years in tropical and subtropical countries of the world. In India, it is an endemic and is a public concern in monsoon due to increased spread of the disease as there is an increase of mosquitoes in the season. It manifests as fever, joint pain and retro orbital pain. Diagnosis is made by clinical and serological examination and frequently involves venepuncture. This review is about early and non – invasive method of diagnosis of dengue using saliva and oral manifestations of dengue.

Key words: Dengue; breakbone fever; dengue hemorrhagic fever; Dengue shock syndrome; manifestations

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest

How to cite this article: Sitaraman, P., & Karpagavalli Shanmugasundaram. (2022). Dengue: Oral manifestations and diagnosis using saliva : Review Article. International Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 7. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjoralrehab.2022.758

Original Research

Volume 2022: Article ID 20221009: Pages 11

Frequency of oral mucosal lesions in fixed orthodontic patients

Prasanthi Sitaraman1, Karpagavalli Shanmugasundaram 2

1 Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India,

2 Professor and Head, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Seema Dental College and Hospital, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India

Address for Correspondence:

Prasanthi Sitaraman, Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai – 600077. Email: prasha92@yahoo.com

Abstract

Background:

Orthodontic treatment is employed to correct dentofacial anomalies and helps to improve esthetics. A variety of oral mucosal lesions is seen in patients receiving fixed orthodontic therapy due to the irritation caused by the brackets. It also affects the oral health by accumulation of plaque leading to the development of gingivitis and progression to periodontitis.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to examine the frequency and the type of oral mucosal lesions in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. In addition, as the maintenance of oral hygiene is difficult during treatment, gingival index of the patients has also been reported.

Materials and Methods:

A pro-forma used for evaluating fixed orthodontic patients included site, size, and degree of inflammation of the lesion, plaque and gingival index. This was used to evaluate randomly selected 100 patients under various stages of fixed orthodontic therapy. These patients were examined for inflammation, contusion, erosion, hyperkeratinization and ulceration. The results were tabulated and analysed.

Result:

The most common topographic site for the occurrence of oral mucosal lesions was the right buccal mucosa. Of the 100 patients examined, 45 patients presented with lesions - 33 patients had a single lesion and 12 of them with multiple lesions of varying sites. The most common size of the lesion was less than 1cm. Only mild inflammation was seen in all the lesions. Most common oral mucosal lesion observed was ulceration. Most frequent plaque and gingival index was 1 and 2 respectively.

Conclusion:

This study helps to identify the frequency of oral mucosal lesions and helps in early diagnosis and treatment of these lesions in order to avoid pain and accelerate their healing. Overall, the compliance and quality of life in fixed orthodontic patients is improved.

Keywords: Ulcer; contusion; oral mucosa; corrective orthodontics

Financial support and sponsorship :

Nil

Conflicts of interest :

There are no conflicts of interest

How to cite this article: Prashanthi Sitaraman, & , K. S. (2022). Frequency of oral mucosal lesions in fixed orthodontic patients: Original Research. International Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 11. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjoralrehab.2022.233

Original Study

Volume 2022; Article ID 20221005: Pages 9

Prevalence of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders, Oral Leukoplakia, Oral Lichen Planus, Oral Submucous Fibrosis - A Four years Hospital based Retrospective Study

Ramesh Tatapudi1 , Tejaswi Chennupati2 , Srujana Remulla3 , Angel D’costa2

1 Professor, Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram. 2 Post Graduate Student, Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram.3 Senior Lecturer, Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram

Address for Correspondence:

Dr. Ch. Tejaswi

Oral Medicine & Radiology, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram.

Email address: tejaswichennupati08@gmail.com

Mobile No: 63017 66432

Abstract

Background:

To assess the prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders among patients visiting dental institutes.

Methods:

The data were collected retrospectively for four years, from 2018 to 2021, from the NOCR records of the department of oral medicine and radiology in a dental institute.

Results:

A total of 14,905 patients attended the department of oral medicine and radiology. Among these, 257 cases were oral potentially malignant disorders. Males were more commonly affected than females. Based on the time period, 2018 has the highest prevalence. The most frequently seen lesion in males was Leukoplakia and in females was Oral Lichen Planus.

Conclusion:

With knowledge of the prevalence rate of oral potentially malignant disorders, preventive programs can be developed to prevent malignant transformation. Key words: Leukoplakia, Lichen Planus, Oral Submucous Fibrosis

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest

How to cite this article: Ramesh, T., Chennupati, T. ., Remulla, S. ., & D’costa, A. . (2022). Prevalence of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders, Oral Leukoplakia, Oral Lichen Planus, Oral Submucous Fibrosis - A Four years Hospital based Retrospective Study: Original Study. International Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 9. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjoralrehab.2022.558