Review Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 59 - 61

Fluoride Varnish − A Review

K. Mahalakshmi, Shilpa Ajai

Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. K. Mahalakshmi,

Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Maduravoyal, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

E‐mail: shilpaajai1208@gmail.com

Abstract

The growing emphasis on prevention‐based dentistry has led to rapid development of newer and more innovative treatment modalities aimed at early disease prevention. In this context, fluoride varnishes are fast becoming an integral component of prevention‐based programs along with patient and parent education. Fluoride varnishes adhere to enamel, and calcium fluoride formed after application acts as a long‐term reservoir of fluoride. Four applications per year or three weekly applications once a year have been found to be effective. Application is fast and easy. No acute toxicity has been reported after using any fluoride varnish.

Keywords: Fluoride varnish, fluorides in dentistry, sodium fluoride

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Mahalakshmi K, Ajai S. Fluoride varnish − A review. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:59-61.

Review Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 56 - 58

Silver Nanoparticles and Its Applications in Dentistry − A Review

K. Mahalakshmi, Shilpa Ajai

Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Maduravoyal, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. K. Mahalakshmi,

CRRI, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Maduravoyal, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

E‐mail: mk38817@gmail.com

Abstract

Oral cavity is a gateway to the entire body and protection of this gateway is a major goal in dentistry. Plaque biofilm is a major cause of the majority of dental diseases and although various biomaterials have been applied for their cure, limitations pertaining to the material properties prevent achievement of desired outcomes. Nanoparticle applications have become useful tools for various dental applications in endodontics, periodontics, restorative dentistry, orthodontics and oral cancers . Of these, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been used in medicine and dentistry due to its antimicrobial properties. AgNPs have been incorporated into biomaterials in order to prevent or reduce biofilm formation. Due to greater surface to volume ratio and small particle size, they possess excellent antimicrobial action without affecting the mechanical properties of the material. This unique property of AgNPs makes these materials as fillers of choice in different biomaterials whereby they play a vital role in improving the properties. This review aims to discuss the influence of addition of AgNPs to various biomaterials used in different dental applications.

Keywords: Antimicrobial, nanotechnology, silver nanoparticles

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Mahalakshmi K, Ajai S. Silver nanoparticles and its applications in dentistry − A review. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:56-8.

Review Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 52 - 55

At Home and In-Office Bleaching Techniques – A Literature Review

Shilpa Ajai, K. Mahalakshmi1

Dental Practitioner, Modern Dentistry Dental Clinic, Chetpet, 1 Public Health Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Shilpa Ajai,

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

E‐mail: shilpaajai1208@gmail.com

Abstract

Hydrogen and carbamide peroxides have been successfully used for many years; in the past century, the dental bleaching technique suffered several changes and almost 10 years before new millennium, the technique was finally recognized by the international agencies of regulation. It is important that dentists handle the peroxides with the essential knowledge because it is demonstrated that satisfactory final results of this technique depend on the correct diagnosis of stains, management of the substrates (enamel and dentin) and as well sensitivity. Dentists are exposed to several dental bleaching techniques, products, and brands, and in the last 2 decades, the devices for light activation of the peroxides have become an extensive catalog. Today, the technique is also suffering changes based on the effectiveness of the different light sources for peroxide activation and its relation to satisfactory final results of the technique. The purpose of this literature review is to explain the determinant factors that influence satisfactory final results of the techniques and provide a general overview, to achieve a treatment decision based on evidence.

Keywords: At home bleaching, bleaching, in‐office bleaching

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Ajai S, Mahalakshmi K. At home and in-office bleaching techniques – A literature review. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:52-5.

Review Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 49- 51

Preventive Resin Restoration - A Narrative Review

Praveenkumar Kannan, K. G. Gokulkrishanan, Sushanthi S1

J.K.K. Nattaraja Dental College and Hospitals, Komarapalayam, Nammakal District, 1

Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Praveenkumar Kannan,

J.K.K. Nattaraja Dental College and Hospitals, Komarapalayam, Nammakal District, Tamil Nadu, India.

E‐mail: prempraveen.1324@gmail.com

Abstract

Conventional restorative dentistry methods persist predominant in the treatment of carious, even incipient carious, lesions when deterrence or remineralization must be the treatment of choice. According to preventative extension, when the tooth is prepared, all pits and fissures are eliminated with a bur to comfort the placement of amalgam. Lacking to acknowledge the significance and advantage of conservation of as much tooth structure as possible is indefensible in light of the technique options that the acid‐etch procedure and the new resin materials offer the profession. The preventive resin restoration has several advantages. One of the important advantages is minimal tooth structure is removed compared with a conventional preparation, leaving a much stronger tooth. This is in contrast to the extension for prevention method by which elimination of better tooth structure to prevent repetitive decay at the same time weakens the tooth. As mentioned, the sealed restoration can eliminate recurrent caries.

Keywords: Fissures, fluorides, preventive, sealants

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Kannan P, Gokulkrishanan KG, Sushanthi S. Preventive resin restoration - A narrative review. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:49-51.

Review Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 46 -48

Evidence-Based Decision-Making – A Review

Praveenkumar Kannan, K. G. Gokulkrishanan, Sushanthi S1

J.K.K. Nattaraja Dental College and Hospitals, Nammakal, 1 Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Praveenkumar Kannan,

J.K.K. Nattaraja Dental College and Hospitals, Komarapalayam, Nammakal, Tamil Nadu, India.

E‐mail: prempraveen.1324@gmail.com

Abstract

Evidence‐based decision‐making gained its popularity because of its unique strength which throws proofs and evidences in the limelight for improving practices. This concept evolved in relation to the necessity for increasing the health‐care quality, and also, it should have the acceptance of the changes done by the present‐day projects which helps in the utilization of bounded resources. Foremost decisions taken during objective care should be assisted by classical scientific evidence which can improve possibilities of victorious patient results. Evidence usually includes journals, articles, and publications which provide present‐day pertinent information based on search. It imparts us the plan of action for ameliorating the effectiveness of combining present evidences into receiver’s care more quickly which makes you to tackle an immense high quantity of information. It helps us in innovating new treatment plans and contributing treatment and counsel evidences which are practically defensible. In the era of technological advancements which can give us answers to scientific questions even within a minute in our hands, evidence‐based current research provides a best flexible method which will aid to find alternative treatment options, newer technologies/materials, and also clinical decisions too.

Keywords: Decision, dentistry, evidence, information

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Kannan P, Gokulkrishanan KG, Sushanthi S. Evidence-based decision-making – A review. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:46-8.

Review Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 41 - 45

Revised Curriculum of BDS with Optional Subjects: A Thought Process

Sandhya Tamgadge, Amisha Nayak, Avinash Tamgadge1, Vipin Vasudev S Pai2, Shirin Saini3

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology Dr. D. Y. Patil University, School of Dentistry, 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Padmashree Dr D Y Patil Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 2 Department of Health and Hospital Management, New Delhi, India, 3 Department of Health and Dental Informatics, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Sandhya Tamgadge,

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, School of Dentistry D Y Patil University, Nerul, Sector 7, Navi Mumbai ‐ 400 706, Maharashtra, India.

E‐mail: sandhya.tamgadge@gmail.com

Abstract

There is a lot of saturation of conventional career opportunities when it comes to practicing in dental sciences. As a result, there is remarked observance of unemployment, drastic shifts in the careers which are seldom related to bachelor studies. This can often lead to a lack of job satisfaction and complete arrest of the conventional clinical practice. In such scenarios, it is necessary to seek for the alternative applied career options where the students as well as established dentists work and manifest expertise in such different career spectrums. In addition to the conventional subjects in masters of dental surgery, these courses might help the students who cannot afford the fees required for the masters. Exposure to the new fields can lead to better demand for jobs and the experience adds on to the expertise, better patient compliance, and development of better interpersonal and interdisciplinary clinical practice.

Keywords: Alternative career, BDS, customized curriculum, dental care, future scope, job opportunities, saturation

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Tamgadge S, Nayak A, Tamgadge A, Pai VV, Saini S. Revised curriculum of BDS with optional subjects: A thought process. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:41-5.

Review Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 36 - 40

Green Tobacco Sickness among Tobacco Harvesters: A Review of the Literature

B. Kumar Raja, Vaishnavi Prashanth, Kavitha Devi1

Departments of Public Health Dentistry, Tagore Dental College and Hospital 1 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Director, K and K Multi Speciality Dental Clinic, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. B. Kumar Raja,

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

E‐mail: drkumararaja87@gmail.com

Abstract

Green tobacco sickness (GTS) is an occupational illness that affects tobacco harvesters. It is a type of acute nicotine intoxication caused by nicotine absorption through the epidermis of a moist green tobacco plant. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the existing literature on the green tobacco sickness and its health impacts on tobacco harvesters. A standard literature search was performed using multiple electronic databases like PubMed, PubMed Central, Cochrane Library, Campbell systematic review Embase, Google Scholar and Scopus for studies published on green tobacco sickness from 2000 to 2020. A total of 11 studies with a total population of 6,253 were reviewed. The prevalence of green tobacco sickness among tobacco harvesters ranged from 6.6% to 56.9%. Exposure to Sunlight, use of pesticides, Stalk removal of tobacco leaves, gender of the farmer, smoking, skin rash, wearing a wet suit, process of curing tobacco leaves, and watering tobacco plants, task, topping, barning and working in wet clothing were some of the risk factors reported by authors. Green tobacco sickness was shown to be common in the study population, indicating that a significant regulatory effort is needed to address the potential dangers of GTS.

Keywords: Green tobacco sickness, health risk, nicotine, tobacco harvesters, tobacco

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Raja BK, Prashanth V, Devi K. Green tobacco sickness among tobacco harvesters: A review of the literature. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:36-40.

Review Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 33 - 35

Tobacco Awareness among Hearing and Speech Disorders Using Indian Sign Language

Amisha Nayak, Sandhya Tamgadge

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, D Y Patil University, School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Sandhya Tamgadge,

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, D Y Patil University, School of Dentistry, Sector 7, Nerul, Navi Mumbai ‐ 400 706, Maharashtra, India.

E‐mail: sandhya.tamgadge@gmail.com

Abstract

Tobacco consumption is prevalent in most of the countries of the world, including India, and its addiction has subsequently engulfed lengths of populations of all age groups. Many significant tobacco cessation and prevention programs are initiated on a regular basis with an aim of raising awareness and followed by the decline of tobacco use amongst mass populations. Such programs are well received by physically, mentally, and socially balanced masses. However, it becomes a challenge when people who are auditory and speech compromised, namely The deaf and mute are considered. Through the use of Indian Sign Language, tobacco cessation and public awareness can be elevated if learned by the medical professionals, especially dentists, which in due course will aid in the prevention of various diseases caused by tobacco including oral cancers. There is a need of an hour to reach this community through Indian Sign Language.

Keywords: Awareness, communication, deaf, dentistry, dumb, Indian Sign Language, patients, tobacco

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Nayak A, Tamgadge S. Tobacco awareness among hearing and speech disorders using Indian Sign Language. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:33-5.

Review Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 29 - 32

A Review on Geriatric Oral Health: Nutritional Pattern and Dynamics

Priya Sharma, N. L. Gupta1 , Chetan Sharma2 , Richa Jaswal3

Distt Consultant, National Health Mission, Kangra(HP), National Health Mission, Shimla, 1 Department of Psychology, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh, 2 Research Scholar, TISS, Mumbai, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 3 Nursing Officer, PGIMER, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Priya Sharma,

Distt Consultant, Office of Chief Medical Officer, NHM, Kangra, Dharamshala, India.

E‐mail: drpriyasharma2022@gmail.com

Abstract

Health, a prized possession, has always been a target for generations to achieve. Its vital factor nutritionin every form is an expression of genetic heritage that influences the occurrence and severity of degenerative diseases associated with aging. Nutritional problems may result from changes associated with aging process, medical/psychiatric illness, or other medical conditions. The epidemiological literature on oral health in the elderly is varied across countries and regions, more so as a function of institutionalization. This article intends to present importance of the need to care for oral health, concise review of literature on hardships with repercussions in edentulous patients, and how specific nutrients interact with the body to contribute to an individual’s health. The past literature on oral health in elderly was extensively and comprehensibly perused, reviewed, and summarized in terms of descriptions on geriatrics nutrition and changes in diet associated with aging. The search for thorough original and review articles were mainly done from the sites such as Google scholar, PubMed, ResearchGate, etc., on geriatrics nutrition and terms such as genarian, nutrition assessment, edentulism, denture wearing, impact of nutrition, oral and general health, dental sores, and nutritional deficiencies. This review summarized pertinent articles that described the changes in diet associated with edentulism. Most studies suggested that edentulous individuals lack specific nutrients which bring them to risk of various health disorders. Recent research literature highlighted that dental prostheses supported by implants, significantly improve nutritional status in edentulous patients, provided the individual has sound health to undertake procedure for dental prosthesis. Elderly denture wearers are vulnerable to compromised nutritional health due to various factors. Timely and routine evaluation of nutritional status is important for any nutrition or dietary modification. Dietary counseling along with supportive supervision of the family regarding dental health is an integral part of treatment for denture wearers.

Keywords: Complete denture, edentulism, geriatrics, nutrition, nutritional analysis

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Sharma P, Gupta NL, Sharma C, Jaswal R. A review on geriatric oral health: Nutritional pattern and dynamics. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:29-32.

Original Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 1 | Page : 24 - 28

Assessment of Dental Nutrition Knowledge among Dental Students in Chennai

Zoha Abdullah, Kowsalya Rathinavel, Kowsalya Senthilkumar, Keerthana Rajamani, Parvathy Premnath

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Asan Memorial Dental College and Hospital, Chengalpet, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Zoha Abdullah,

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Asan Memorial Dental College and Hospital, Chengalpet ‐ 603 105, Tamil Nadu, India.

E‐mail: zoha_ab@yahoo.co.in

Abstract

Introduction:

Dentists need to have adequate knowledge regarding diet and nutrition and its effects on oral health. Students should be trained to implement the dental nutrition knowledge, so they provide holistic care for their patients. Yet, not many studies were found to have been conducted among dental students for the assessment of their knowledge regarding diet and nutrition.

Aim:

The aim of the study is to assess the knowledge of nutrition among undergraduate dental students and also the association between the knowledge of nutrition based on the year of study.

Materials and Methods:

A questionnaire consisting 15 questions related to knowledge and attitude toward dental nutrition was distributed to 175 dental undergraduate dental students via online social platform. Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS software.Responses were analyzed using Chi‐square test based on three groups(3rd‐year students, final‐year students, and interns).

Results:

About 49.7% of students were aware that Vitamin C, Vitamin B12, and iron deficiency anemia manifest as oral symptoms, and majority of these respondents were interns (P > 0.005). More number of the participants studying in the 3rd‐ and final‐year students (74.2% and 70.4%, respectively) agreed that bulimia and anorexia affect nutritional status and oral health of an individual (P > 0.01). About 20.5% of interns felt that nutrition was not given enough importance during dental education.

Conclusion:

For most responses, there was no significant difference in the dental nutrition knowledge between the 3rd‐year students, final‐year students, and interns. However, there is a need to reinforce the education of nutritional counseling to bring about prevention of oral diseases.

Keywords: Dental students, diet counseling, knowledge, nutrition

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Abdullah Z, Rathinavel K, Senthilkumar K, Rajamani K, Premnath P. Assessment of dental nutrition knowledge among

dental students in Chennai. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:24-8.

Original Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 1 | Page : 20-23

Usage of Mobile Technologies by Undergraduate Dental Students

Prabhu Subramani, Suganthi Rajaram, G. Suganya Kumari, K. Sureshkumar

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Asan Memorial Dental College and Hospital, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Prabhu Subramani,

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Asan Memorial Dental College and Hospital, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India.

E‐mail: prabhu.dent@gmail.com

Abstract

Background:

The increased usage of mobile technology has provided a previously unrealized ability to move information around quickly and efficiently in a readily available format.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to evaluate the usage of mobile technologies by undergraduate dental students.

Materials and Methods:

A questionnaire was made and distributed to undergraduate dental students from 1st year to interns, and the responses were collected at Asan Memorial Dental College and Hospital, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu.

Results:

92.8% of the total undergraduate dental students opted smartphones as thin first choice to access the internet. 57.6% of the students used the internet most often for both dental course and personal reasons. 90.4% of the preclinical students used smartphones to connect the internet, and 80.4% of the clinical students used smartphones to access the internet more frequently.

Conclusion:

Dental students use smart phones with various learning apps to enhance their learning online.

Keywords: Dental school, smartphones, technology, undergraduates

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Subramani P, Rajaram S, Kumari GS, Sureshkumar K. Usage of mobile technologies by undergraduate dental students. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:20-3.

Original Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 1 | Page : 12-19

Impact of Dental Care on Oral Health Perception, Quality of Life and Behavior: An Observational Study in a Nigerian Rural Community

Ukachi Chiwendu Nnawuihe, Oyinkansola O. Sofola1 , Sunny A. Okeigbemen2

Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo‐City, 1 Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Lagos, Lagos, 2

Department of Preventive Dentistry, University of Benin, Benin‐City, Nigeria

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Ukachi Chiwendu Nnawuihe,

Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, P.M.B 536, Ondo‐City, Ondo State, Nigeria. E‐mail: nnawuihe@unimed.edu.ng

Abstract

Objective:

Dental care may improve oral health behavior because of its potential to influence oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) and self‐perception. The study objective was to examine the impact of dental care on OHRQoL and self‐perception and their consequent effect on oral health behavior in rural dwelling adults.

Methods:

Randomly selected 403 participants were examined pre‐ and post‐uptake of dental care in Udo rural community. Information on oral health behavior was obtained with questionnaires. Global rating of oral health and General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) were used to measure self‐perceived oral health and OHRQoL. Normative assessment was done according to the World Health Organization Oral Health Survey criteria. Data were analyzed using SPSS (IBM) version 21.0 at 95% confidence interval (CI) and test for significance set at (P < 0.05).

Findings:

The mean age (±standard deviation) of the study participants was 36.1 ± 15.8 with males 258 (52.7%) and females 232 (47.3%). Only 28.4% cleaned their teeth ≥2 daily, and 15.3% consumed refined sugar <1 daily. A total of 200 (40.8%) participants rated their oral health as good. Low OHRQoL was noted in 256 (52.2%) participants. Postdental care, better oral health self‐rating was noted in 335 (83.1%) participants. Mean GOHAI scores rose from 29.42 ± 4.96 to 35.39 ± 1.32 (∆effect size = 1.2). Participants who reported better oral health perception and OHRQoL were more likely to improve on their tooth cleaning habits (odds ratio [OR] =1.875, 95% CI: 1.09–3.22, P = 0.023) and reduce the frequency in daily refined sugar consumption (OR = 2.170,95% CI: 1.10–4.27, P = 0.025).

Conclusion:

Dental care improved self‐perceived oral health and OHRQoL. Improvements in self‐perceived oral health and OHRQoL can be used as the predictors of behavioral change in the study population.

Keywords: Dental care, oral health behavior, quality of life, rural Nigeria, self‐perception

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Nnawuihe UC, Sofola OO, Okeigbemen SA. Impact of dental care on oral health perception, quality of life and behavior: An observational study in a Nigerian rural community. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:12-9.

Review Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 1 | Page : 6 - 11

Dental Home

R. Ramesh, S. Nandan, S. H. Krishnamoorthy, Allwin Antony, R. Geetha1

Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, KVG Dental College and Hospital, Sullia, Karnataka, India, 1

General Dental Surgeon, Al Fahaleel, Kuwait

Address for correspondence:

Dr. R. Ramesh,

Tc 85/1984 (2), Geetha Bhavan, Seeveli Nagar, Kaithamukku, Trivandrum ‐ 695 024, Kerala, India.

E‐mail: rameshkdc@gmail.com

Abstract

The Dental Home is a concept that comes from the American Academy of Pediatrics’ “medical home.” A “medical home” is a pediatrician’s practice where a child has a relationship with that care provider. It is well-established that children that have a medical home are healthier, have fewer hospitalizations and emergency room visits. They also have better managed chronic illnesses. This is because of the “patient centered / family centered” approach of the medical home where doctors are accountable to developing sustained partnerships with patients and families to address a majority of their healthcare needs. Similar to the medical home, the dental home offers the patients comprehensive, continuous, prevention-based care that is accessible, family-centered, compassionate, and culturally competent. Citing strong clinical evidence that early preventive dental care promotes oral health, the AAPD declared that “the establishment of a dental home may follow the medical home model as a cost-effective and higher quality health care alternative to emergency care situations”.

Keywords: American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, anticipatory guidance, dental home

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Ramesh R, Nandan S, Krishnamoorthy SH, Antony A, Geetha R. Dental home. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:6-11.

Review Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 1 | Page : 1 - 5

Oral Health Care Programs for Children: A Literature Review

Deema Abdul Khader, Faizal C. Peedikayil

Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Kannur Dental College, Anjarakandy, Kerala, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Deema Abdul Khader,

Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Kannur Dental College, Anjarakandy, Kerala, India.

E‐mail: dr.deemamak@gmail.com

Abstract

Oral diseases are one of the most common diseases found in humans. They can produce serious problems such as pain and discomfort leading to disability, impairment and handicap. Researchers suggest that poor oral health may be associated with medical conditions such as diabetes, pneumonia, and stroke. Some medical conditions do have oral manifestations as well. Despite their high social and economic burdens, oral diseases receive little attention in many countries and remain neglected. Children are especially at higher risk for being in the group of neglect in case of treatment of oral diseases are considered. To overcome this situation in our country, various oral health care programs have been implemented by both central as well as state government for the children. Various community‐level programs, Anganwadi programs and school‐level programs were developed like mid‐day meal scheme, fluoride programs, tooth brushing programs, nutrition programs, health‐promoting schools, tobacco‐free schools, and oral health care program for special children like special smiles project. Seal‐it, Arogya Jagratha and Ardram mission are some of the programs developed by state governments through primary health centers and through accredited social health activist (ASHA) workers. Still disparities are present in the quality of pediatric dental care. This review article highlights various oral health care programs for children in India.

Keywords: Oral health care program, school dental health program, tobacco‐free schools

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Khader DA, Peedikayil FC. Oral health care programs for children: A literature review. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:1-5.

Letter to Editor

Year : 2020 | Volume : 8 | Issue : 2 | Page : 23 - 28

Dental Caries and Body Mass Index: A Cross-Sctional Study among Urban Schoolchildren of Age between 7 and 15 Years in Chennai, India

Anusha Raghavan, Krishnan Lakshmi, Parangimalar Diwakar Madan Kumar

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Anusha Raghavan, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Ragas Dental College and Hospital,

2/102, East Coast Road, Uthandi, Chennai ‐ 600 119, Tamil Nadu, India.

E‐mail: anu1705@gmail.com

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Raghavan A, Lakshmi K, Kumar PD. Dental caries and body mass index: A cross-sectional study among urban schoolchildren of age between 7 and 15 years in Chennai, India. Int J Comm Dent 2020;8:23-4.

Original Article

Year : 2020 | Volume : 8 | Issue : 2 | Page : 18 - 22

A BITTER SWEET! Effectiveness of Chocolates and Probiotic Chocolates in Reduction of Streptococcus mutans – An In vitro Study

J. Balaji, Parvathy Premnath1 , Lakshmi Ravi2 , Kanakam Elizabeth Thomas3

CRRI, Asan Memorial Dental College and Hospital, 1 Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Health Dentistry, 2 Head of the Department, Department of Orthodontics, 3Associate professor, Department of Microbiology, Asan Memorial Dental College and Hospital, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. J. Balaji, Asan Memorial Dental College and Hospital, Asan Nagar, Oragadam Road,

Chengalpattu ‐ 603 105, Tamil Nadu, India.

E‐mail: balaji.great2521@gmail.com

Abstract

Context:

Dental caries is the most common type of dental problem known to mankind, and the bacterial species‐Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) is known to initiate it, thus playing a significant role in dental caries formation. Theobromine in dark chocolate and probiotics are known for anticariogenic and antibacterial properties.

Aims:

The aim of this study is to find the effectiveness of white chocolate, dark chocolate, and probiotic‐infused dark chocolate against S. mutans. Subjects and Methods: Blood‐infused Mueller–Hinton agar was prepared with three wells. Twenty grams of chocolate were dispersed in each well. Chlorhexidine and saline were used as positive and negative control. The agar plate was then streaked with S. mutans. These prepared culture media was then allowed to incubate at 37°C for a time period of about 24 h under sterile environment. Finally, the diameters of the zone of inhibition were measured using the Hi Antibiotic Zone Scale. ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test were used for statistical. Statistical Analysis Used: ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test were used for statistical.

Results:

On comparison, probiotic‐infused dark chocolate shows the greatest zone of inhibition (16.83 ± 1.329) followed by chlorhexidine (15.18 ± 1.458) which is then followed by dark chocolate (11.33 ± 1.751) and white chocolate (7.17 ± 1.835), and finally normal saline which showed no zone of inhibition. On overall evaluation using ANOVA, the statistically significant difference was found out (P < 0.001). Intergroup comparison was performed using Tukey’s post hoc test, whose P < 0.001 thus being statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Among all the different kinds of chocolates used in the study, probiotic‐infused dark chocolate showed the greatest anti‐microbial activity against S. mutans.

Keywords: Chocolates, dental caries, probiotics, Streptococcus mutans, theobromine

How to cite this article:

Balaji J, Premnath P, Ravi L, Thomas KE. A BITTER SWEET! Effectiveness of chocolates and probiotic chocolates in reduction of Streptococcus mutans – An in vitro study. Int J Community Dent 2020;8:18-22.

Original Article

Year : 2020 | Volume : 8 | Issue : 2 | Page : 13 - 20

Music as a Nonpharmacological Methodology for Dental Anxiety Management in Routine Dental Procedures during COVID-19 Pandemic

Snehal Kailash Yerne

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Snehal Kailash Yerne,

3rd Bus Stop, Gopal Nagar, Ameya Apartment 303, Nagpur ‐ 440 022, Maharashtra, India.

E‐mail: sweetsnehal2929@gmail.com

Abstract

Background:

Dental anxiety is one of the key reasons behind patient’s unwillingness to seek dental treatment. It is quite challenging to manage and hinders the ability of dentist to deliver the best dental treatment. Many nonpharmacological therapies have been introduced to manage dental anxiety, and music therapy is one of such therapy.

Aim and Objective:

The aim of the study was to assess whether music has an effect in reducing anxiety levels in patients during routine dental procedures. This was a randomized control experimental study.

Materials and Methods: In this study, 100 patients (mean age: 32 years) from the Outpatient Department of SDKSDC, Nagpur, India, who volunteered and consented to participate in the study were included in the study. Inclusion criteria were patients who require only routine dental treatment. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups: the control group (n = 50) and the study group (n = 50). Patients in the study group were exposed to relaxing, low tempo music through headphones during routine dental procedures which include scaling and restorative procedure. Both groups were assessed using Corah’s dental anxiety scale, blood pressure, and heart rate, before and after treatment.

Results:

Music therapy was effective in reducing anxiety during the procedures; participants in the study group had significantly lower anxiety scores compared to the control group.

Conclusion:

Music therapy has been shown to be an effective nonpharmacological approach to reduce dental

anxiety among patients during routine dental procedures.

Keywords: Coronavirus, dental anxiety, music therapy, COVID‐19

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Yerne SK. Music as a nonpharmacological methodology for dental anxiety management in routine dental procedures during COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Comm Dent 2020;8:13-7.

Review Article

Year : 2020 | Volume : 8 | Issue : 2 | Page : 09 - 12

Tobacco Consumption as a Risk Factor for Coronavirus Disease 2019?

Snehal Yerne

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Snehal Yerne, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Ameya

Apartment, Gopal Nagar, Nagpur ‐ 440 022, Maharashtra, India.

E‐mail: sweetsnehal2929@gmail.com

Abstract

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus, now named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), caused a series of acute atypical respiratory diseases in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. After virus identification and isolation, the pathogen for this pneumonia was originally called 2019 novel CoV‐2, but has subsequently been officially named SARS‐CoV‐2 by the WHO. On January 30, 2020, the WHO declared the outbreak of SARS‐CoV‐2 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Compared with the SARS‐CoV that caused an outbreak of SARS in 2003, SARS‐CoV‐2 has a stronger transmission capacity. The rapid increase in confirmed cases makes the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) extremely serious. The virus is transmittable between humans and has caused pandemic worldwide. The number of death tolls continues to rise, and a large number of countries have been forced to do social distancing and lockdown. Lack of targeted therapy continues to be a problem. Studies have shown that SARS‐CoV‐2 infects host cells through angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 receptors, leading to COVID‐19‐related pneumonia, while also causing acute myocardial injury and chronic damage to the cardiovascular system. The gastrointestinal symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, appetite loss, nausea, and vomiting, and neurologic symptoms include cerebrovascular strokes and encephalitis.

Keywords: Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2, coronavirus disease 2019, Guillain–Barre syndrome, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Yerne S. Tobacco consumption as a risk factor for coronavirus disease 2019? Int J Comm Dent 2020;8:9-12.

Original Article

Year : 2020 | Volume : 8 | Issue : 1 | Page : 04 -07

Assessment of Knowledge and Anxiety among Dentists in the State of Himachal Pradesh toward the COVID‐19 Pandemic

Parveen Dahiya, Anushika Pajnoo1, Asheema Malhotra2 , Rajan Gupta3 Professor, 3

HOD and Professor, 1,2Department of Periodontology, Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Parveen Dahiya,

Department of Periodontology, Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, India.

E‐mail: parveen_132@yahoo.com

Abstract

Background:

During the early days of March, the surge of COVID‐19 patients was evident in India. Effective control measures were adopted timely to overcome this deadly pandemic, but the limited knowledge among the researchers as well as the healthcare professionals caused it to be a worldwide pandemic and created a scare throughout the world.

Aim:

In this survey, we aim to study the knowledge and anxiety among dentists in the state of Himachal Pradesh toward the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:

An online survey was conducted among general dentists studying or practicing in the state of Himachal Pradesh, with a sample size of 670 dentists based on convenience sampling. A self‐developed online questionnaire was formulated comprising 24 questions. It was divided into demography, knowledge, and anxiety, with each having 4, 11, and 9 questions, respectively. Results: The survey revealed that the responders had adequate knowledge regarding COVID‐19 as well as effective preventive measures to protect themselves as well as their families. Around 70% of people were well aware of the clinical manifestations of the virus. Anxiety was observed among dentists due to the rapidly progressing nature of this virus throughout the world. Around 50% of the people were anxious about facing any health‐related issues due to corona infection. Conclusion: Thus, we feel there is a need for better sources of knowledge regarding this pandemic and methods to protect oneself, as well as care for the good mental health of the dentists.

Keywords: Anxiety, COVID‐19, dentists, knowledge, pandemic

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Dahiya P, Pajnoo A, Malhotra A, Gupta R. Assessment of knowledge and anxiety amongst dentists in the state of Himachal Pradesh towards the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Comm Dent 2020;8:4-7.

Original Article

Year : 2020 | Volume : 8 | Issue : 1 | Page : 1 - 3

Evaluation of Tobacco Cessation Counseling Program and the Challenges Identified

S. Saravanan, K. R. Lenin1 Professor and Head, 1

Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Mahatma Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Puducherry, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. S. Saravanan,

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Mahatma Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Puducherry ‐ 605 006, India. E‐mail: subasarav20@gmail.com

Abstract

Background:

The prevalence of tobacco use is high in India, with nearly half of males and one‐fifth of females using tobacco in some form. An effort has been made to offer help to quit tobacco use among patients by initiating tobacco cessation counseling (TCC) services in our Institution. The aim was to assess the effectiveness of TCC program among tobacco users.

Methods:

The evaluation of the TCC program was carried out by reviewing of records enrolled from January 2014 to March 2016. The baseline information of the enrolled subjects was assessed for tobacco use status. The post-intervention follow‐up details of the current tobacco users were analyzed for quit status, and the tobacco quit rate was determined. Chi‐square test was applied for statistical analysis.

Results:

Of the 1472 current tobacco users, 95.9% were males and 4.1% were females. An overall quit rate of 5.2% was recorded with women having 2.73 times higher quit rate than men (P = 0.004). Losses to follow‐up were very high.

Conclusion:

A lower tobacco quit rate was recorded due to high losses to follow‐up. Integration of proactive follow‐up measures while designing the public health program is required, to overcome the challenge “high losses to follow‐up” and to achieve a better response and outcome.

Keywords: Behavioral counseling, challenges in tobacco cessation counseling, evaluation of tobacco cessation counseling, tobacco cessation counseling, tobacco quit ratechallenges in tobacco cessation

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Saravanan S, Lenin KR. Evaluation of tobacco cessation counseling program and the challenges identified. Int J Comm Dent 2020;8:1-3.