Review Article

Year : 2025 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 2 | Page : 12-17

Open Bite Malocclusion: A Comprehensive Review of Etiology, Classification, and Clinical Implications

Karthikeyan M 1*, Subashree R 2, Shanthinipriya A 3, Balaji Krishnan 4, Vidhya Shree 5, Nithya J 6

1* Chief Dental Surgeon & Orthodontist, Malar Dental and Orthodontic Center, Palacode, Dharmapuri - 636808 2 Post graduate, Department of Orthodontics, Tagore Dental College, Chennai - 600127 3 Reader, Department of Orthodontics, Tagore Dental College, Chennai - 600127 4 Professor and Head of the department, Orthodontics, Tagore Dental College, Chennai - 600127 5 Senior lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, Tagore Dental College, Chennai - 600127 6 Post graduate, Department of Orthodontics, Tagore Dental College, Chennai - 600127

Address for Correspondence:

Subashree R,

Post graduate student, Department of Orthodontics, Tagore dental college, Chennai- 600127

Email id: dr.subashreeravichandran@gmail.com

Abstract

Open bite malocclusion is a complex orthodontic anomaly characterized by the absence of vertical overlap between the maxillary and mandibular teeth. It may present in the anterior, posterior, or both segments and can be of dental or skeletal origin. This review explores the multifactorial etiology of open bite, including genetic, environmental, and functional contributors such as oral habits, tongue posture, neuromuscular disorders, trauma, and iatrogenic factors. Various classification systems and clinical presentations are discussed to aid in accurate diagnosis. Cephalometric evaluation remains crucial in distinguishing between dental and skeletal open bites. Management strategies vary based on the underlying cause and stage of dentition and include myofunctional therapy, habit-breaking appliances, fixed orthodontic techniques, skeletal anchorage, and orthognathic surgery. Long-term stability requires comprehensive retention protocols addressing functional habits and growth patterns. A multidisciplinary, individualized approach is essential for achieving successful and stable outcomes in open bite treatment.

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest

How to Cite this article: Karthikeyan M, Subashree R, Shanthinipriya A, Balaji Krishnan, Vidhya Shree, Nithya J. Open Bite Malocclusion: A Comprehensive Review of Etiology, Classification, and Clinical Implications. Int J Comm Dent 2025; 13(2); 31-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56501/intjcommunitydent.v13i2.1330