Original Article

Year : 2025 | Volume : 16 | Issue : 2 | Page : 55-68

Knowledge, Outlook, and Practices among Dental Professionals about Aligner Disposal and Recycling – A Cross-Sectional Study

Mohamed Shafi Nalla Mohamed1, S.D. Milling Tania2, I. Bevin Shaga3, S. Veerasankar3, A. Jebilla Pringle4, Mary Sheloni Missier4, C.Priyadharshini4

1-Postgraduate Resident, 2-Professor, 3-Reader, 4-Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Kavalkinaru, Tamil Nadu-627105.

Address for Correspondence:

Dr. Mohamed Shafi Nalla Mohamed

Postgraduate Student, Department of Orthodontics

Rajas Dental College and Hospital,

Kavalkinaru, Tirunelveli-627105

Tamil Nadu, India

Email address: nmohamedshafi97@gmail.com

ABSTRACT  

BACKGROUND: The growing use of clear aligners in orthodontics raises environmental concerns due to inadequate disposal and recycling knowledge among dental professionals. This study evaluates their awareness, attitudes, and practices regarding clear aligner disposal and recycling.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using an electronic survey created with Google Forms, which was distributed to orthodontists, undergraduate practitioners, and non-orthodontic practitioners who had their postgraduate degree. The questionnaire consisted of 25 closed-ended questions divided into three sections: Knowledge (8 questions), Outlook (10 questions), and Practice (7 questions). The responses obtained were tabulated and then statistically analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 21.0. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: A total of 384 participants completed the survey. Most of the participants had a lack of proper awareness regarding the disposal practices and recycling of the aligners. Orthodontists demonstrated significantly higher knowledge (6.10 ± 1.80) and outlook (8.22 ± 3.71) scores than practitioners of other specialities (2.79 ± 1.91, 6.09 ± 3.59 for knowledge and outlook, respectively) (P ≤ 0.001). Knowledge regarding aligner disposal and recycling was highly statistically significant between general practitioners with an undergraduate degree, postgraduate degree holders other than orthodontics, and orthodontists (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: There is a noticeable gap in the knowledge and practices of dental professionals regarding the proper disposal and recycling of clear aligners. This study demonstrates that heightened awareness among clinicians and patients is key to reducing aligner use's environmental impact.

KEYWORDS: Dental Practice Patterns, Dentists, Environmental Biodegradation, Knowledge, Orthodontics, Sustainable Development.

FINANCIAL SUPPORT AND SPONSORSHIP

Nil.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

There are no conflicts of interest.
How to cite this article: Mohamed Shafi Nalla Mohamed, S.D. Milling Tania, I. Bevin Shaga, S. Veerasankar, A. Jebilla Pringle, Mary Sheloni Missier, C.Priyadharshini. Knowledge, Outlook, and Practices among Dental Professionals about Aligner Disposal and Recycling – A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2025; 16 (2): 55-68.

Original Article

Year : 2025 | Volume : 16 | Issue : 2 | Page : 41-54

Exploring Therapeutic Insights: Computational Docking Analysis of 5HTR2A Protein Structure involved in Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

Shravani VP1, Nagachandran K.S.2, Remmiya Mary Varghese3, Sivakamavalli J4

1-Postgraduate Resident, 2-Professor, 3-Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, 4-Research Scientist, Lab in Biotechnology and Bio signal Transduction, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai-77, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for Correspondence:

Dr. Nagachandran K.S.

Professor, Department of Orthodontics

Saveetha Dental college and Hospitals

SIMATS University, Chennai- 600077

Tamil Nadu, India

Email address: shraasvp98@gmail.com

ABSTRACT  

INTRODUCTION: Dysregulated HTR2A receptor function and serotonin signaling pathways can contribute to TMJ disorders, underscoring the significance of comprehending structural variations in the HTR2A gene protein for pioneering therapeutic strategies. This study aims to explore the molecular interactions between HTR2A receptor and potential therapeutic ligands via computational docking, aiming to pinpoint innovative targets for intervening pain in TMJ disorders.

METHODS: A virtual screening of 100 candidate compounds was performed based on drug-likeness, molecular docking scores, and ADMET profiles. The 3D structure of the HTR2A receptor was retrieved (PDB ID: 6A94), and docking simulations were conducted using AutoDock Vina and BIOVIA Discovery Studio. Pharmacophore models were generated using LigandScout, and key ligands were analyzed using PyRx, PyMOL, and pkCSM tools.

RESULTS: The PyRx molecular docking analysis identified two novel compounds, 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine, displaying robust binding affinities with the HTR2A gene in comparison to conventional compounds. In addition, these newly identified compounds satisfied stringent pharmaceutical criteria, meeting criteria such as Lipinski's Rule, Ghose's Rule, Veber's Rule, Egan's Rule, and Muegge's Rule, suggesting their potential as promising therapeutic options for treating TMJ disorders.

CONCLUSION: The study highlights the strong binding affinity between the 5HTR2A gene and novel compounds, suggesting their potential as effective therapeutic agents for TMJ disorders, with promising pharmacokinetic profiles and implications for advancing computational drug discovery in medical research.

KEYWORDS: Temporomandibular Joint, Gene, 5HTR2A, Serotonin, Pain
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

The author(s) declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this article.

FUNDING STATEMENT

No funding was received regarding this research.

How to cite this article: Shravani VP, Nagachandran K.S, Remmiya Mary Varghese, Sivakamavalli J. Exploring Therapeutic Insights: Computational Docking Analysis of 5HTR2A Protein Structure involved in Temporomandibular Joint Disorders. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2025; 16 (2): 41-54.

Review Article

Year : 2025 | Volume : 16 | Issue : 2 | Page : 28-40

Impact of Orthodontic Closure on Pulpal Health of Teeth Adjacent to Orofacial Clefts: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Ibraheem K Bamaga1, Haytham Jaha2

1-Assistant Professor, Department of Basic and Clinical Oral Science, School of Dental Medicine, Umm AI-Qura University, 2-Assistant Professor and Consultant in Endodontics, Endodontic Division, Restorative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine at Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

Address for Correspondence:

Dr. Ibraheem K Bamaga  DDS, MSD, PhD

Assistant Professor, Department of Basic and Clinical Oral Science,

School of Dental Medicine, Umm AI-Qura University,

Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

E-mail: Ikbamaga@uqu.edu.sa

ABSTRACT  

BACKGROUND: Orofacial clefts, including cleft lip and/or palate (CLP), are common congenital deformities often associated with various dental anomalies. Orthodontic space closure adjacent to cleft sites is an integral part of rehabilitative care, but its impact on pulpal health remains uncertain. This systematic review aimed to assess the effects of orthodontic movement on the vitality of teeth adjacent to cleft areas in CLP patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This review followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251040142). A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and LILACS using defined keywords. Inclusion criteria focused on human studies evaluating pulpal health of teeth adjacent to clefts undergoing orthodontic space closure. The included articles were assessed on their demographic data, type of tooth involved both on cleft and non-cleft sides along with their vitality status and interventions done to the non-vital teeth. Risk of bias was assessed using ROB 2.0 and Modified REMARK tools. Meta-analysis was conducted using JASP software.

RESULTS: The review included six studies with unilateral cleft patients as a prevalent group. Of the six studies, three were rated as having low risk of bias, while two were labelled questionable and one as high risk. The results demonstrated a higher incidence of pulpal necrosis (12% increased risk) on cleft-side teeth post-orthodontic movement with statistically significant differences (p<0.0001). Significant heterogeneity and variability in diagnostic methods were observed, with publication bias evident.

CONCLUSION: This meticulous review of articles concluded that the cleft lip and palate pose a greater risk of vitality alteration in teeth close to the bone defect area. The use of various vitality testing measures throughout the literature helped achieve rehabilitation treatment as early to restore quality of life.
KEYWORDS: Orofacial clefts, Pulpal Health, Orthodontic Correction, Tooth Vitality

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors have no conflict of interests to declare.

FUNDING

Nil
How to cite this article: Ibraheem K Bamaga, Haytham Jaha. Impact of Orthodontic Closure on Pulpal Health of Teeth Adjacent to Orofacial Clefts: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2025; 16 (2): 28-40.

Original Article

Year : 2025 | Volume : 16 | Issue : 2 | Page : 11-27

Predictive Value of 2D Radiographic Skeletal and Airway Measurements for Sleep Apnea in Children: A Cross-sectional Sleep Study on Airway Indicators and Diagnostic Cut-Off

Farhan H. Alwadei1, Ahmed I. Masoud2, Ayas K. Makki3, Abdurahman H. Alwadei4, Saleh H. Alwadei1 ; Chang G. Park5,  David W. Carley6

1-Assistant Professor, Dept of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, 2-Clinical Associate Professor, Dept of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 3-Clinical Assistant Professor, Dept of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL , 4-Associate Professor, Dept of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 5-Assistant Research Professor, College of Nursing, 6-Professor Emeritus, Dept of Biobehavioral Health Science, Medicine and Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL
Address for Correspondence:

Dr Farhan H. Alwadei

Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry,

Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University

College of Dentistry, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia

E-mail: f.alwadei@psau.edu.sa

ABSTRACT  

OBJECTIVES: (a) To evaluate the link between 2D radiographic measurements of skeletal structures, airways and the likelihood of sleep apnea in children, and (b) to determine threshold values for predicting sleep apnea prior to diagnostic testing.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 99 participants (7-17 years, median 11), referred to a sleep center for an overnight sleep study. Participants were divided into two age groups: 7-11 years and 12-17 years. CBCT scans were conducted within 30 days of the assessment. Lateral cephalograms were reconstructed for skeletal and airway analyses. Skeletal parameters included SNA, SNB, FMA, and SN-MP angles. Airway measurements included Retropalatal Airway space (RPA), PNS to adenoid point 1 (ad1), PNS to adenoid point 2 (ad2), and Adenoid to Nasopharynx (A/N) ratio). After verifying reliability, correlations between skeletal and airway measurements with the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) were examined. ROC curves were generated, and sensitivity, specificity values were calculated to predict AHI levels of ≥5 and ≥10.

RESULTS: Significant correlations were found between AHI and airway measurements of adenoid enlargement (RPA, PNS-ad1, PNS-ad2, and A/N ratio; p<0.05) in both groups. ROC curve analyses yielded significant predictive values, with proposed cut-off values for AHI ≥ 5 and AHI ≥ 10. No significant association was found between AHI and skeletal measurements (p>0.05).

CONCLUSION: OSA prediction values were slightly better for 2D measurements, including the RPA, PNS-ad1, PNS-ad2, and A/N ratio, compared to previously reported 3D measurements. Two-dimensional radiographs, which offer equivalent or better predictive value with lower radiation exposure, are supported for OSA prediction, especially in younger children where adenoid enlargement is a key factor.
KEYWORDS: CBCT, Adenoid Enlargement, Sleep, OSA, Airway, Snoring, Breathing.

FUNDING

This research received no external funding.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article: Farhan H. Alwadei, Ahmed I. Masoud, Ayas K. Makki, Abdurahman H. Alwadei, Saleh H. Alwadei, Chang G. Park,  David W. Carley. Predictive Value of 2D Radiographic Skeletal and Airway Measurements for Sleep Apnea in Children: A Cross-sectional Sleep Study on Airway Indicators and Diagnostic Cut-Off. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2025; 16 (2): 11-27.

Original Article

Year : 2025 | Volume : 16 | Issue : 2 | Page : 1-10

Comparative Analysis Of Polymer Leaching From Different Clear Aligners Materials– An In-Vitro Study

Xavier Dhayananth1, Mohamed Nizamuddeen 2, Nitish T N 2, Shahul Hameed Faizee 1, Hemamalini D3, Jyosthna A3

1-Professor, 2-Intern, 3-Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sathyabama Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, India
Address for Correspondence:

Dr Xavier Dhayananth

Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics

Sathyabama Dental College & Hospital,

Chennai, India

E-mail: drxavy@gmail.com

ABSTRACT  

AIM: To assess and compare the polymer leaching of various clear aligner materials in an in vitro environment.

METHODS: An in vitro study was conducted on four groups of commercially available clear aligner materials: SmartTrack™, PET-G, Polyurethane, and Photopolymer (n = 5 samples per group). Each material was pulverized using an acrylic bur and immersed in two concentrations of potassium permanganate (KMnO₄): concentrated (0.01 M) and diluted (0.005 M). Polymer leaching was quantified by measuring absorbance using a colorimeter at 525 nm after 24 hours. The outcome parameter assessed was the mean absorbance value (AU), indicating the extent of leaching. Intergroup comparisons were performed using ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey’s test.

RESULTS: All materials exhibited measurable leaching. In concentrated KMnO₄, SmartTrack showed the least leaching (mean absorbance: 0.078 ± 0.005 AU), significantly lower than PET-G (0.154 ± 0.008 AU, p < 0.001). In diluted KMnO₄, Photopolymer showed the least leaching (0.065 ± 0.006 AU), also significantly lower than PET-G (0.139 ± 0.007 AU, p < 0.001). PET-G consistently exhibited the highest leaching in both solutions (p < 0.001 across comparisons).

CONCLUSION: Clear aligner materials differ significantly in their polymer leaching potential. SmartTrack and Photopolymer materials demonstrated superior leaching resistance compared to PET-G. Material selection plays a critical role in minimizing polymer release and ensuring biocompatibility.

KEY WORDS: Leaching, Aligners, Biocompatibility, Polymers, Toxicity.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

SOURCE OF FUNDING

This research received no external funding.

How to cite this article: Xavier Dhayananth, Mohamed Nizamuddeen, Nitish T N, Shahul Hameed Faizee, Hemamalini D, Jyosthna A. Comparative Analysis Of Polymer Leaching From Different Clear Aligners Materials– An In-Vitro Study. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2025; 16 (2): 1-10.

Case Series

Year : 2025 | Volume : 16 | Issue : 1 | Page : 63-80

Long-Term Stability Of Ortho-Surgical Management Of Skeletal Class III Malocclusion: A Case Series With A Five-Year Follow-Up

Ashish Kamboj 1, SS Chopra 2, Paras Angrish 3, Pulkit Lakhani 4, Tushar Deshmukh 5, Apoorva Sharma 6

1-Orthodontist, Dept. of Orthodontics, Military Dental Centre, 2-Professor and Head, Dept. of Orthodontics, Army Dental Centre (R&R), Delhi Cantt, Delhi, India, 3-Pedodontist, Air Force Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, India, 4-Orthodontist, Maven Dental Clinics, GC, Australia, 5-Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Military Dental Centre, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India, 6- Orthodontist, The Smile Outlet Clinic, GC, Australia.

Address for Correspondence:

Dr Paras Angrish

Pedodontist,

Air Force Institute of Dental Sciences

Bengaluru, India

E-mail: drparasangrish@gmail.com

Mob: Number: +91 9051813036

ABSTRACT

Diagnosing and treating Class III malocclusion is an enigma for an orthodontist, owing to complex etiology, multiple components, and varied treatment options. The most challenging part is to achieve stable treatment outcomes in such cases. This article illustrates two cases of Class III malocclusion managed with an ortho- surgical approach and followed up for 5 years. The cases were treated with single-jaw and bi-jaw surgical techniques respectively, and were assessed for various skeletal, dental and soft tissue parameters to determine treatment stability over five years. Both cases exhibited stable treatment outcomes. However, the case managed by a combination of maxillary-mandibular (bi-jaw) surgical techniquesportrayed a more promising stable result. Appropriate case selection, correct diagnosis, meticulous treatment planning and flawless execution oftreatment are essential for long-term success and stable treatment outcomes. Therefore, more studies with a higher level of evidence are recommended for a better understanding of the treatment response and stability, in order to improve the form, function, esthetics, and psychosocial well-being of the patient.

KEYWORDS: Ortho-surgical, Skeletal Class III malocclusion, Long-term Stability

CONFLICT OF INTEREST 

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

SOURCE OF FUNDING

This research received no external funding.
How to cite this article: Ashish Kamboj, SS Chopra, Paras Angrish, Pulkit Lakhani, Tushar Deshmukh, Apoorva Sharma. Long-Term Stability OfOrtho-Surgical Management Of Skeletal Class III Malocclusion: A Case Series With A Five-Year Follow-Up. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2025; 16 (1):63-80.

Review Article

Year : 2025 | Volume : 16 | Issue : 1 | Page : 48-62

Effects of Digital Health Interventions on Oral Hygiene and Treatment Compliance in Orthodontic Patients: A Systematic Review

Shekhar K Asarsa 1, Manisha Singh 2, Mansi Mehta 1, Vibhuti Madhad 4, W R Gnanasagar 5, P Hema 6

1,3-Tutor, Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopaedics, 4-Tutor, Department of Periodontology, Siddhpur Dental College & Hospital, Dethali, Patan, Gujarat, India, 2-Consultant Orthodontist, New Delhi, India, 5-Reader, Department of Periodontics, Priyadarshini Dental College and Hospital, Thiruvallur, 6-Reader, Department of Periodontics, Adhiparasakthi Dental College, Melmaruvathur, India

Address for Correspondence:

Dr Shekhar K Asarsa

Tutor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics

Siddhpur Dental College & Hospital,

Dethali, Patan, Gujarat, India

E-mail: shekh.asarsa95@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Oral hygiene and treatment compliance are critical for successful orthodontic outcomes. Despite their importance, patient non-adherence remains a significant challenge, contributing to complications such as plaque accumulation, gingivitis, and delayed treatments. Digital health interventions, including mobile apps, telemonitoring, and gamified platforms, offer innovative approaches to address these issues.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of digital health interventions in improving oral hygiene and treatment compliance among orthodontic patients, compared to traditional methods.

METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted across databases including MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Scopus. Peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) assessing digital health tools in orthodontics were included. Data were extracted and analyzed descriptively, focusing on outcomes such as Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), compliance rates, and patient engagement.

RESULTS: Seven studies involving 504 participants aged 10–36 years were included. Digital tools demonstrated consistent improvements in oral hygiene, with significant reductions in PI and GI. Gamified apps, motivational protocols via social platforms, and telemonitoring enhanced compliance and reduced white spot lesions. However, short study durations and variability in interventions limited long-term effectiveness assessments.

CONCLUSION: Digital health interventions show promise in enhancing orthodontic care by improving oral hygiene and compliance. Further research with standardized methodologies, long-term follow-up, and cost-effectiveness analyses is needed to validate their integration into routine practice.

KEYWORDS: Orthodontics, Digital health interventions, Oral hygiene, Patient compliance, Mobile health (mHealth), Telemonitoring, Gamification.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

SOURCE OF FUNDING

This research received no external funding.
How to cite this article: Shekhar K Asarsa, Manisha Singh, Mansi Mehta, Vibhuti Madhad, W R Gnanasagar, P Hema. Effects of Digital Health Interventions on Oral Hygiene and Treatment Compliance in Orthodontic Patients: A Systematic Review. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2025; 16 (1): 48-62.

Original Article

Year : 2025 | Volume : 16 | Issue : 1 | Page : 38-47

Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity and Anti-biofilm Activity Of A Novel Dentifrice Containing 4-Hydroxycinnamic Acid: An In-Vitro Study

Manjiri Bhate1, Ravindra Kumar Jain2, A.S. Smiline Girija3, Raghunandhakumar4

1-Post Graduate Resident, 2-Professor and Head, Department of Orthodontics, 3-Professor, Department of Microbiology, 4-Associate Professor, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai-600 077, India

Address for Correspondence:

Dr Ravindra Kumar Jain

Professor and Head,

Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals,

Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences,

Chennai, India.

E-mail: ravindrakumar@saveetha.com

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Evaluating biocompatibility is critical for assessing the safety and therapeutic potential of compounds, often serving as a preliminary step in product development. This study aims to evaluate the biocompatibility and anti-biofilm activity of a novel dentifrice containing 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (4-HCA) against Streptococcus mutans (SM) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present in vitro study involved three groups- Group 1- commercially available dentifrice as control, Group 2- 0.2% 4-HCA dentifrice, Group 3- 0.4% 4-HCA dentifrice. The antibiofilm efficacy of the test dentifrices was assessed using colony-forming unit (CFU) counts and the Crystal Violet assay. The cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay and microscopic examination of human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells.

RESULTS:

ANTIBIOFILM ACTIVITY: The CFU counts for SM and LA were highest in the control group, followed by the 0.2% 4-HCA group, and lowest in the 0.4% 4-HCA group. Crystal Violet assay results showed significant inhibition of biofilm formation in both 4-HCA groups compared to the control.

BIOCOMPATIBILITY: The MTT assay indicated that Group 3 had the highest cell viability and proliferation rates 24 horse after a 2 minute exposure to the conditioned medium across the different dilutions (1:40, 1:100, and 1:1000), as compared to Groups 2 and 1, indicating better biocompatibility. Morphological analysis of HGF cells showed normal spindle-shaped morphology in cells treated with Groups 2 and 3.

CONCLUSION: The novel dentifrice containing 0.4% 4-HCA demonstrates significant anti-biofilm activity against SM and LA and is biocompatible with HGF cells. This study supports the development of 4-HCA-based dentifrices as safe and effective oral hygiene products.

KEYWORDS: Cytotoxicity, Antibiofilm, Dentifrice, Orthodontic, Hydroxycinnamic Acid

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

None.

SOURCES OF FUNDING

None

How to cite this article: Manjiri Bhate, Ravindra Kumar Jain, A.S. Smiline Girija, Raghunandhakumar. Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity and Anti-biofilm Activity Of A Novel Dentifrice Containing 4-Hydroxycinnamic Acid: An In-Vitro Study. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2025; 16 (1) 38-47.

Review Article

Year : 2025 | Volume : 16 | Issue : 1 | Page : 24-37

Prognostic Factors for Successful Functional Appliance Therapy in Skeletal Class II Malocclusion- A Systematic Review

Rajkumaran Rajamanickam1, Bhadrinath Srinivasan2, Keerthi Venkatesan3 , Vignesh Kailasam4

1-Post Graduate Resident, 2-Associate Professor, 3-Senior Lecturer, 4-Professor and Head, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Sri Ramachandra Dental College & Hospital, Porur, Chennai-600116, India.

Address for Correspondence:

Dr Bhadrinath Srinivasan

Associate professor,

Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics,

Sri Ramachandra Dental College & Hospital, Porur, Chennai-600116.

E-mail – bhadrinath.s@sriramachandra.edu.in

Phone - +91 9841879224

ABSTRACT

AIM: To investigate clinical or cephalometric parameters that contribute to favourable outcomes with functional appliance therapy in skeletal class II malocclusion.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six electronic databases were searched PubMed, Ovid, Lilacs, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science up to 25thFebruary 2025. All study designs which evaluated factors associated with favourable and unfavourable outcome with functional appliance therapy for the treatment of skeletal class II malocclusion were included. The electronic search, initial screening, data extraction, risk of bias assessment was independently performed by the two reviewers. The collected data were analysed from the finally selected articles based on type of study, sample size, type of functional appliance used, and patient characteristics or factors studied which could be considered as positive predictive factors for functional appliance.

RESULTS: Seven retrospective studies and one prospective study were included. Prognostic factors like  the Co-Go-Me angle, chin position, growth pattern and other occlusal factors such as overbite, overjet were evaluated in the selected studies. Four studies were rated very good with 9 points and four other studies were rated as satisfactory with 7 points using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Due to heterogeneity of the factors studied, a meta–analysis could not be conducted in this systematic review.

CONCLUSION: Two included studies reported Co- Go-Me angle as the single most important predictive factor for successful outcome. Cephalometric factors pointing to horizontal growth pattern or hypo divergence, chin position and occlusal variables like increased overbite and overjet were identified as positive predictive factors. However future studies with definitive comparison groups can strengthen the current evidence.

REGISTRATION: PROSPERO(CRD42022312039).

CONFLICT OF INTEREST DISCLOSURE

All the authors disclose they do not have any financial or non-financial interests that are directly or indirectly related to the work submitted for publication.

 All the authors declare that the manuscript has been read and approved by all  of them , that the requirements for authorship as stated earlier in this document have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest work.

All the authors declare that they do not have any competing interests

FUNDING

There was no external funding.

How to cite this article: Rajkumaran Rajamanickam, Bhadrinath Srinivasan, Keerthi Venkatesan , Vignesh Kailasam. Prognostic Factors for Successful Functional Appliance Therapy in Skeletal Class II Malocclusion- A Systematic Review. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2025; 16 (1) 24-37.

Case Series

Year : 2025 | Volume : 16 | Issue : 1 | Page : 1-23

Revision of Lingual Bracket Direct Bonding Clinical Procedures

Viet Anh Nguyen1

 1-Faculty of Dentistry, PHENIKAA University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam.

Address for Correspondence:

Dr Viet Anh Nguyen

Faculty of Dentistry, PHENIKAA University,

Yen Nghia, Ha Dong, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam,

Email: anh.nguyenviet1@phenikaa-uni.edu.vn

Phone: +84984822484

ABSTRACT

Rationale: Lingual brackets are typically bonded indirectly based on setup models with ideal tooth alignment to overcome the variability in lingual tooth anatomy and difficulties in measuring bracket position. However, direct bonding is the original philosophy of the inventor of lingual orthodontics and is still performed by a minority of lingual orthodontists. This article aims to revise the clinical procedures of direct bonding of lingual brackets and forming of lingual archwires and prove the effectiveness of the direct bonding philosophy through two case reports.

Patient concerns: The patient in Case 1 was a 29-year-old female who presented with moderate crowding and normal inclinations of the maxillary and mandibular incisors. The patient in Case 2 was a 25-year-old female patient who presented with severe crowding and proclined maxillary and mandibular incisors.

Diagnoses: The patient in Case 1 was diagnosed with a half-cusp Class II relationship on a Class I skeletal relationship. The patient in Case 2 was diagnosed with Class I dental and skeletal relationships. Both patients had a normodivergent facial pattern.

Interventions and outcomes: The treatment option in Case 1 was to extract all third molars combined with total distalization of both arches and interproximal stripping. The treatment option in Case 2 was to extract maxillary and mandibular first premolars to create spaces for relieving crowding. The post-treatment records in both cases showed improved smile aesthetics and occlusion.

Conclusions: Direct lingual bracket bonding offers some advantages and disadvantages compared to indirect one. Successful treatment results of two case reports demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the direct lingual bracket bonding approach.

Keywords: Lingual Orthodontics, Mushroom Archwire, Direct Bonding, Lingual Brackets, Offset Bends.

CONFLICTING INTEREST STATEMENT

The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest concerning the research, authorship, or publication of this article.

ETHICS STATEMENT

Informed consent was obtained from the patient, and the patient consented to the publishing of all images and clinical data included in the manuscript.

DATA AVAILABILITY

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this manuscript.

FUNDING STATEMENT

This research received no external funding.

How to cite this article: Viet Anh Nguyen. Revision of Lingual Bracket Direct Bonding Clinical Procedures. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2025; 16 (1) 1-23.

Original Article

Year : 2024 | Volume : 15 | Issue : 4 | Page : 42-52

Comparative Outcomes of Arch Widening and Extraction Therapies in Managing Mandibular Arch Crowding: An Orthodontic Perspective

Mohammed Abdulaziz Mohammed Korayem1, Abdulaziz Abdullatif Ibrahim Almulhim2, Abdullah Saeed M Alqahtani3, Alaa Ahmed Kensara4, Saeed Abdullah A Alghamdi3, Waleed Saeed Bakhader5 , Nuha Mohammed Malibari6, Ahmad Abdelaziz Mohammed Essa7, Rajaa AlElshaikh8

1-Assistant Professor of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Baha University, Saudi Arabia, 2-General Dentist, Saudi Arabia, 3-General Dentist in Ministry of Health, Albaha, Saudi Arabia, 4-Prosthodontist Consultant, King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 5-Consultant Orthodontist, Dr. Suliman Alhabib Hospital, Eastern Area, Saudi Arabia, 6-Family Medicine and Palliative Care Specialist, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 7-Assistant Professor of Oral Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Baha University, Saudi Arabia, 8-Orthodontic specialty, NYU, Master of Science in Clinical Research, NYU.

Address for Correspondence:

Mohammed Abdulaziz Mohammed Korayem,

Associate Professor of Orthodontics,

Department of Preventive Dental Sciences,, Faculty of Dentistry,

Al-Baha University, Saudi Arabia,

mkarim@bu.edu.sa

ABSTRACT

Background: Orthodontic extraction therapy is frequently used to manage mandibular arch crowding. However, its long-term effects on clinical crown length and gingival recession remain unclear, particularly in cases of mild crowding. The present research was design to assess the choice of treatment modality (extraction vs. non-extraction) on the prevalence of labial gingival recession and changes in clinical crown lengths in mandibular anterior teeth.

Methods: A retrospective, longitudinal study was conducted on 70 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment at Albaha University. Patients were divided into extraction (X, n=44) and non-extraction (WE, n=26) groups, ensuring a balanced representation. Inclusion criteria included Angle’s Class I malocclusion with mild to moderate mandibular crowding, and a minimum retention period of three years. Clinical crown lengths were measured with precise digital calipers at three-time points: before treatment (T1), post-debonding (T2), and final retention (T3). Cephalometric analysis was performed with skeletal and dental parameters. Data and the analyzed outcomes were assessed.

Results: Both groups showed a significant increase in clinical crown lengths from T1 to T3 (p < 0.05), with the increase being more pronounced for canines. No statistically significant difference in gingival recession or crown lengthening was observed between the X and WE groups at retention (p = 0.787). Cephalometric variables (D1, D2, and D3) were significantly associated with the extraction decision, particularly at the debonding and retention stages (p < 0.05). However, the vertical cranial morphology did not influence treatment decisions.

Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the development of gingival recession between extraction and non-extraction groups. Extraction therapy was associated with longer treatment duration but did not directly cause increased recession.

Keywords: Orthodontic Extraction, Mandibular anteriors, retention monitoring period, Canine and anterior crown.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

FUNDING

No sources of funding were procured for the study.

How to cite this article: Mohammed Abdulaziz Mohammed Korayem, Abdulaziz Abdullatif Ibrahim Almulhim, Abdullah Saeed M Alqahtani, Alaa Ahmed Kensara, Saeed Abdullah A Alghamdi, Waleed Saeed Bakhader, Nuha Mohammed Malibari, Ahmad Abdelaziz Mohammed Essa,  Rajaa AlElshaikh. Orthodontic Management of an Avulsed Maxillary Canine- A Case Report. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2024; 15 (4) 42-52. Doi: 10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v15i4.1149

Case Report

Year : 2024 | Volume : 15 | Issue : 4 | Page : 33-41

Orthodontic Management of an Avulsed Maxillary Canine- A Case Report

Deepthi Chakrapani1, Haritha Pottipalli Sathyanarayana2, Sridevi Padmanabhan3, Arun B Chitharanjan4

1Private practice, All Smiles Multispecialty Dental Spa, Dubai, 2Associate Professor, 3 Professor, Associate Dean (Research), Department of Orthodontics, Sri Ramachandra Dental College & Hospital, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, India, 4Private Practice, Chennai.

Address for Correspondence:

Haritha Pottipalli Sathyanarayana,

Associate Professor,

Department of Orthodontics, Sri Ramachandra Dental College & Hospital,

Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research,

Porur, Chennai, India

Phone: +914424768027, Extension: 8250

drharithaps@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Avulsion of teeth is an uncommon condition which is usually associated with trauma. Management of an avulsed tooth often presents a challenge to the clinician and treatment planning differs with each situation. Key factor is the immediate management with appropriate protocol which usually results in good prognosis. A 15-year old female patient reported with avulsed 23 during therapeutic extraction of 24. The avulsed 23 was reimplanted in to the socket followed by splinting. Patient was treated with conventional fixed appliance and all the treatment objectives were achieved. This case report highlights the successful management of an avulsed maxillary canine during therapeutic extraction of maxillary first premolar with 3 years follow up after debonding.

Keywords: Avulsion, Maxillary canine, Replantation, orthodontic treatment, fixed appliance.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

SOURCE OF FUNDING

No source of funding was procured for the study.

How to cite this article: Deepthi Chakrapani, Haritha Pottipalli Sathyanarayana, Sridevi Padmanabhan, Arun B Chitharanjan. Orthodontic Management of an Avulsed Maxillary Canine- A Case Report. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2024; 15 (4) 33-41. Doi: 10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v15i4.1179

Review Article

Year : 2024 | Volume : 15 | Issue : 4 | Page : 22-32

Comparison of Memotain Retainers to Conventional Fixed Retainers: A Systematic Review

Vikrant Lambate 1, Priya Manimegalan 2, M. Gunasekaran 3, Arul Prakash Kaveri 3, Shekhar K. Asarsa 4, Sharath Kasturi 5

1Postgraduate Resident, Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Mahatma Gandhi Missions (MGM) Dental College and Hospital, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai, 2Consultant Orthodontist, Private Practitioner, Bangalore, 3Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (DU), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India, 4Tutor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Siddhpur Dental College And Hospital, Dethali, Patan, Gujarat, 5Consultant Orthodontist, Private Practitioner, Nellore.

Address for Correspondence:

Dr Vikrant Lambate,

Postgraduate Resident, Department of Orthodontics,

Mahatma Gandhi Missions (MGM) Dental College and Hospital

Kamothe, Navi Mumbai, Indian

Email: vikrantlambate@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Objective: This systematic review assesses and compares the use of fixed retainers manufactured by CAD CAM and conventional methods in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.

Methodology: Data from the selected studies were collected using customised data collection forms. Primary analysis involved assessing the stability of orthodontic treatment over time through measurements taken from dental casts and assessing the impact on periodontal health. Secondary aspects involved an evaluation of the rates at which retainers failed and gathered valuable insights from outcomes reported by patients.

Results: Seven randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included involving 601 participants. During the initial 6 months, no notable variations in the distance between canine teeth or the length of the dental arch were noted when comparing CAD/CAM retainers with conventional retainers. Nevertheless, it's noteworthy that CAD/CAM retainers exhibited superior performance compared to stainless steel retainers (single strand). Significant differences in Little's irregularity index, was evident at 3-month and 6-month intervals. Distinctions with limited clinical significance were noted in multi-stranded stainless-steel retainers at 6-month follow-up assessment. Regarding oral health aspects, CAD/CAM retainers displayed lower plaque index scores compared to traditional retainers. In terms of durability, most retainers demonstrated comparable failure rates. In one study, CAD/CAM retainers were associated with a greater rate of failure, which resulted in the premature termination of that specific study.

Conclusion: CAD/CAM fixed retainers offer a promising alternative to traditional options and may promote better periodontal health due to lower plaque index scores. Nevertheless, to assess their effectiveness and long-term durability, more studies are needed, particularly regarding failure rates. In the absence of comprehensive evidence, the utilisation of customisation of CAD/CAM retainers is advisable for individual clinical cases.

Keywords: Orthodontic retainers; Computer-aided design; Computer-aided manufacturing; Retention

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

SOURCE OF FUNDING

No source of funding was procured for the study.

How to cite this article: Vikrant Lambate, Priya Manimegalan, M. Gunasekaran, Arul Prakash Kaveri, Shekhar K. Asarsa, Sharath Kasturi. Comparison of Memotain Retainers to Conventional Fixed Retainers: A Systematic Review. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2024; 15 (4) 22-32. Doi: 10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v15i4.1160.

Original Research

Year : 2024 | Volume : 15 | Issue : 4 | Page : 8-20

Comparative Evaluation of Wear Resistance and Colour Stability of Three Different Oral Mucosal Protectors - An In Vitro Study

Nisshitha Rao Setvaji1, Nivethigaa B2, Navaneethan R3

1-Post GraduateResident, 2-Associate Professor, 3-Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai-600077, India.

Address for Correspondence:

Dr Nivethigaa B,

Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and HospitalsSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India.

Email:nivethigaab.sdc@saveetha.com

Abstract

Background: With increase in demand of patient acceptability and comfort, light cured temporary oral mucosal protectors such as Muco Soft LC (Anabond) and Soft Flow (Dentos) have been recently developed to prevent mucosal injury during orthodontic treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the wear loss due to friction over a period of time and colour stability of three oral mucosal protectors: Muco Soft LC (MS), Soft Flow (SF) and Flowable composite (FC).

Methodology: Three groups having 10 samples each were subjected to a toothbrushing simulator and pre and post weights were measured to evaluate wear. Five samples from each group were immersed in either artificial saliva or mouthwash for 24 hours. Colour change was evaluated using a spectrophotometer.

Results: A significant difference in material loss seen in MS (P = 0.000) and SF (P = 0.005). FC showed the least material loss followed by MS and SF. MS was dislodged from the wire post toothbrushing simulation. The calculated mean colour change values (ΔE) revealed that FC had the least colour change followed by SF and MS.

Conclusion: Least wear loss was observed with flowable composite. Artificial saliva showed greater colour change in Muco Soft LC and flowable composite whereas mouthwash produced a greater colour change in Soft Flow.

FUNDING

Self-funded study.

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

Study conception and design: Nivethigaa B.; Data collection, analysis,and interpretation of results: Nisshitha Rao Setvaji; Draft manuscript preparation: Nisshitha Rao Setvaji, Nivethigaa B.; Revision of manuscript: Navaneethan R.

FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE STATEMENT

The authors declare there are no competing interests to declare.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

How to Cite this Article: Setvaji, N. R., B, N., & R, N. (2024). Comparative Evaluation of Wear Resistance and Colour Stability of Three Different Oral Mucosal Protectors - An In Vitro Study: Original Research. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 15(4), 8–20. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v15i4.1119

Original Research

Year : 2024 | Volume : 15 | Issue : 4 | Page : 1-7

Outcome Quality and Treatment Efficacy of Early Class II elastics compared to Late Class II elastics: A Retrospective Clinical Investigation

Babak Sayahpour1, Sara Eslami1, Robert Guderian2, Stefan Kopp1, Jakob Stuhlfelder1, Nicolas Plein1, Vincenzo Grassia2, Ludovica Nucci2

1-Department of Orthodontics, Johann-Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany, 2-Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.

Address for Correspondence:

Dr Ludovica Nucci,

Associate Professor of Orthodontics, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Specialties,University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy

Email:ludovica.nucci@unicampania.net

Abstract

Introduction: Class II elastics are widely used treatment modalities in correction of class II malocclusion. Class II elastics are traditionally used in combination with multibracket appliances after completion of the initial leveling phase.  The use of early short and light class II elastics on initial leveling wires has been advocated to reduce the treatment time and increase the treatment efficiency. However, there is a lack of sufficient evidence in the literature. Therefore, the aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the outcome quality and treatment efficiency of early class II elastics compared to late class II elastics using the PAR index.

Materials and Methods: Patient records from September 2005 until April 2017 in the archive of the university of Frankfurt have been sighted to generate data for this retrospective study. Patients with class II malocclusion undergoing a treatment with multibracket appliance after their peak of growth were included in the study. 16 Patients were included in the group IEA (early class II elastics) and 21 were allocated to the group IEL (late class II elastics). The peer assessment rating index (PAR) was used to assess the treatment outcome in each group.

Results: Both early and late class II elastics showed great improvement of the occlusal traits in the patients. However, the treatment duration was significantly shorter in group IEA, showing the higher efficiency of early class II elastics.

Conclusion: Incorporation of early class II elastics on the initial leveling arch wires can increase the treatment efficiency without compromising the occlusal outcome of the treatment. The authors recommend the use of short and light elastics in the initial stages of the treatment. Since early class II elastics were first described scientifically in our study, further studies and especially prospective ones should be performed.

SOURCE OF FUNDING

No funding was received for the study.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

How to Cite this Article: Sayahpour, B., Eslami, S., Guderian, R., Kopp, S., Stuhlfelder, J., Plein, N., Grassia, V., & Nucci, L. (2024). Outcome Quality and Treatment Efficacy of Early Class II elastics compared to Late Class II elastics: A Retrospective Clinical Investigation: Original Research. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 15(4), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v15i4.1068

Original Research

Year : 2024 | Volume : 15 | Issue : 3 | Page : 62-82

Assessment of Facial Esthetics among Non Dental Professionals, Orthodontists And Orthodontic Postgraduates : A Cross Sectional Study

T D Vaibhav1, K.M. Shahul Hameed Faizee2, A. Jyosthna3, L. Xavier Dhayananth2, Sukanya Ranganathan4

1-Postgraduate Resident, 2-Professor, 3-Senior Lecturer, 4-Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Chennai

Address for Correspondence:

Dr. Vaibhav TD,

Postgraduate Resident, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Chennai.

Email: vaibs1998@gmail.com

Abstract

Background: The aim of the present survey is to understand the subjective preference of non-dental professionals (NDP’s) with five parameters which can be modified by an orthodontist and compare it with the perception of orthodontists and orthodontic postgraduates. Four standard photographs of facial esthetics of 2 young woman were digitally modified using software and divided into 5 parameters (Asymmetry, nasolabial angle, smile, vertical facial height, profile). NDP’s differ from the subjective preference of orthodontist and postgraduates respectively.

Methods: A picture-based questionnaire survey edited in Adobe software was conducted for all the groups using google forms. Survey rendered 418 responses overall. The overall statistics was done using SPSS 22.0 version.

Results: NDP’s prefer 0 mm of facial asymmetry, 80° nasolabial angle, 0 and 2 mm of gingival exposure during smile, 1:1.14 ratio of middle to lower 1/3rd, 10° of convexity angle.

Conclusion: NDP’s, orthodontist and orthodontic postgraduates differ in their perception of facial esthetics.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

FUNDING

This study received no external funding.

How to Cite this Article: Vaibhav TD, Shahul Hameed Faizee, A. Jyosthna, Xavier Dhayananth Lawrence, & R. Sukanya. (2024). Assessment of Facial Esthetics among Non Dental Professionals, Orthodontists And Orthodontic Postgraduates : A Cross Sectional Study: Original Research. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 15(3), 62–82. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v15i3.1117

Case Report

Year : 2024 | Volume : 15 | Issue : 3 | Page : 46-61

Bimaxillary Molar Distalization Using Clear Aligners To Correct Severe Crowding Without Temporary Anchorage Devices

Kun Li1, Peng Sun2, Hui Li2, Deming Yu1

1-Fushan Division, 2-Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.

Address for Correspondence:

Dr. Deming Yu,

Associate Professor, Fushan Division, The Affiliated Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.

Email: 15064500100@163.com

Abstract

The use of clear aligners for molar distalization has been a hot topic in recent years. However, cases of bimaxillary molar distalization without temporary anchorage devices (TADs) are rarely reported. Dental crowding, one of the most common malocclusions in the Asian population, was often corrected by tooth extraction strategies in the past. Currently, in the application of molar distalization with clear aligners by orthodontic professionals, it becomes feasible to circumvent the necessity for tooth extraction or TADs in numerous cases that initially present as markedly crowded. A 29-year-old female sought treatment for dental crowding. Subsequent examination revealed that her upper dentition was moderately crowded, while the lower dentition exhibited severe crowding. The patient declined the extraction treatment option and requested clear aligners based on consideration of esthetics during orthodontic treatment. Drawing from the patient's chief complaint and specific requirements, an orthodontic procedure of bimaxillary molar distalization was implemented. Following the completion of clear aligner treatment, the patient achieved well-aligned teeth and a captivating smile, radiating enhanced esthetics. The satisfactory treatment outcomes confirmed the efficacy of clear aligners for molar distalization. With a well-considered anchorage plan, clear aligners can successfully achieve bimaxillary molar distalization without the necessity of TADs.

ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE

The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Yantai Stomatological Hospital and accepted by the patient. Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and accompanying images.

AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIALS

The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

FUNDING

This study received no external funding.

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

Concept: Kun Li, Peng Sun, Deming Yu.Design: Deming Yu.

Data acquisition: Kun Li, Hui Li.Data analysis: Kun Li, Hui Li.

Literature search: Kun Li, Peng Sun, Deming Yu.

Manuscript preparation: Kun Li.Manuscript editing and review: Peng Sun, Deming Yu.

The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, and each author believes that the manuscript represents honest work. The requirements for authorship as stated in Authorship Criteria have been met.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors would like to thank all professionals who participated in the management of this case.

How to Cite this Article: Li, K., Sun, P., Li, H., & Yu, D. (2024). Bimaxillary Molar Distalization Using Clear Aligners To Correct Severe Crowding Without Temporary Anchorage Devices: Case Report. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 15(3), 46–61. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v15i3.1134

Original Research

Year : 2024 | Volume : 15 | Issue : 3 | Page : 35-45

Comparison of Clinical Efficiency between Super Elastic Nickel Titanium (SE NiTi) and Copper Nickel Titanium (Cu NiTi) Archwires during Alignment Phase of Orthodontic Treatment

Protas John Msungu1, Ferdinand Mabula Machibya2, Matilda Mtaya Mlangwa2

1-MDent Resident, 2-PhD, Senior Lecturer, Orthodontic unit, Department of Orthodontics, Pedodontics and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health, and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Tanzania.

Address for Correspondence:

Dr. Ferdinand Mabula Machibya,

United Nations Road, Upanga Magharibi, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dares Salaam, Tanzania.

Email: frmachibya@yahoo.com

Mobile:+255764982522

Abstract

Introduction: The transformation of the Metallurgy industry over the years has brought outstanding improvement in Nickel Titanium (NiTi) alloy, resulting into orthodontic NiTi archwires with improved properties, which are routinely employed during the initial phase of orthodontic treatment. Nevertheless, the clinical superiority between the second and third generation of NiTi arch-wires; the Super Elastic NiTi (SE NiTi) and Copper NiTi (Cu NiTi) archwires respectively has not been studied in the Tanzanian population. Hence, this study aimed to compare the clinical efficiency of Super Elastic NiTi (SE NiTi) and Copper NiTi (Cu NiTi) arch-wires during the alignment phase of orthodontic treatment.

Material and Methods: A total of 82 patients with an irregularity index of >2 mm on the mandibular anterior site were randomly allocated to one of the two treatment groups, group 1 (0.014-in SE NiTi) and group 2 (0.014-in Cu NiTi). Randomization was accomplished by random number generation via Microsoft Excel, participants were randomly assigned equally into respective groups. The arch-wire types were labeled and placed in sequentially numbered opaque sealed envelopes for participant allocation. Blinding to group assignment was applied to the participant and during outcome assessment. Data were analyzed by SPSS Statistics version 25 with a p-value set at <0.05.

Results: A total of 153 potential participants were evaluated for eligibility. 67 of those were excluded. Therefore 86 patients were randomly allocated to either the study control group (group 1, n=43) or intervention (group 2, n=43). The number of participants analyzed were n=42 in group 1 and n=42 in the control group. The Little's irregularity index significantly decreased over time in both groups (p<0.001), however, there was no statistically significant difference between the two arch-wires types in their efficiency on teeth alignment (p = 0.435) and arch width expansion (p>0.05).

Conclusion: There was no significant difference between SE NiTi and Cu NiTi in alignment efficiency and arch width changes. There was no statistically significant inter-canine arch width change in the Cu NiTi group.

CONFLICT OF INTERESTS

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

FUNDING

The present study did not receive funding.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors wish to acknowledge and thank Dr Joyce Masalu for her assistance in the research methodology and data analysis.

How to Cite this Article: Msungu, P. J., Machibya, F., & Mlangwa, M. M. (2024). Comparison of Clinical Efficiency between Super Elastic Nickel Titanium (SE NiTi) and Copper Nickel Titanium (Cu NiTi) Archwires during Alignment Phase of Orthodontic Treatment: Original Research. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 15(3), 35–45. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v15i3.1059

Case Report

Year : 2024 | Volume : 15 | Issue : 3 | Page : 12-34

MH Setup Technique, A Manually Customized Bracket-Setup, applied in Fully-treated Class II molar-relationship case

Hasan Sabah HasanAl-Nuaimi1, Mohamed Elkolaly2

1-Department of Pediatrics Dentistry & Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia2Orthodontic Department, Royal Dental Center, Alexandria-Egypt.

Address for Correspondence:

Dr. Hasan Sabah Hasan Al-Nuaimi

Department of Pediatrics Dentistry & Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 50603.

Email: hsh.ortho@yahoo.com

Abstract

The case published in this paper provides a clinical explanation for the importance of MH setup. The casts were cut and teeth were set into wax rims using brackets fit on full engagement archwires. Then another set of brackets was set over the teeth after the necessary adjustments with another full engagement archwires using composite as custom-made bases. The final brackets were transferred to the patient using vacuum-formed indirect transfer trays and the treatment was commenced. The final results were ideal with a total treatment time of one year in an extraction case. The finishing phase was only one month with settling elastics without the need for any brackets modifications despite the class II full unit molar relationship.

DECLARATION OF PATIENT’S CONSENT

The authors declare that they got all the necessary consents from the patient for treatment and publishing.

FINANCIAL SUPPORT AND SPONSORSHIP

Nil.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

There are no conflicts of interest

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors would like to thank the patient for the contribution to this paper and for providing the consent for publishing.

FUNDING STATMENT

There has been no funding received for this study.

How to Cite this Article: Al-Nuaimi, H., & Elkolaly, M. (2024). MH Setup Technique, A Manually Customized Bracket-Setup, applied in Fully-treated Class II molar-relationship case: Case Report. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 15(3), 12–34. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v15i3.1082

Original Research

Year : 2024 | Volume : 15 | Issue : 3 | Page : 1-11

Changes in Oral Health-related Quality of Life before and after Orthognathic Surgery and Predictors of Outcome

Shoroog Hassan Agou1

1-Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Address for Correspondence:

Dr Shoroog Hassan Agou

BDS, MScCH (HPTE), MEd(c), PhD, Associate Professor of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University Al Ehtifalat St, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.

Email: sagou@kau.edu.sa

PhoneNo:+(966)557505450

Abstract

Aim: There is good evidence that orthognathic surgery improves quality of life (QoL), but it is uncertain whether QoL outcomes differ for patients with different dentofacial deformities. The aim of this study was to (i) assess changes in QoL before and after orthognathic surgery; (ii) compare QoL between deformity classes; and (iii) establish predictors of QoL

Methods: This was a prospective, longitudinal, observations study of adult patients seeking orthognathic treatment. Patients were classified into class II or class III dentofacial deformities. The paired t-test was used to compare Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ) scores before and after surgery, and multivariable linear regression was used to identify predictors of post-operative OQLQ score. 

Results: Of the 50 participants, 36 (72%) were female, and the average age was 29.9 ± 4.2 years. Overall and domain OQLQ scores were significantly lower after surgery (p < 0.0001). The mean change in QoL score was significantly greater for class II patients (p = 0.003). Age and baseline OQLQ score were significantly associated with post-operative OQLQ score.

Conclusions: This study confirms that orthognathic surgery has a very positive impact on QoL. The finding that age and baseline QoL predict subsequent QoL outcomes paves the way for targeted interventions in specific patients.

SOURCES OF FUNDING

Nil.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

Theauthordeclaresthattherearenoconflicts of interest.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The author would like to thank the interns who helped collecting data for this study; namely: AbdurahmanIdrees, Moayad Alhowaidar, Ayman Sinnawi, Abdulla Joharji, Maisa Marghalani, and Lujain Mirdad. Sincere appreciation is also extended to Prof.Fahad Al-Sulaimani for his great support during this project.

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

SHA conceived and conducted the study, analyzed the data, and wrote the paper.

How to Cite this Article: Agou, S. H. (2024). Changes in Oral Health-related Quality of Life before and after Orthognathic Surgery and Predictors of Outcome: Original Research. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 15(3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v15i3.1038