Original Research
Keywords: Root Resorption; Innovation; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Biomarkers; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Orthodontically induced root resorption.
Year : 2026 | Volume : 17 | Issue : 3 | Page : 53-67
Dentin Sialo Phosphoprotein in Gingival Crevicular Fluid as an Early Marker of Orthodontically Induced Root Resorption during Premolar Intrusion: A Controlled Clinical Trial
Vijay Krishna Chamarthi-1, Suresh Kumar Sukumaran-2, Rebekah Raju-3
1- Associate Professor, Department of Surgical Oncology, Sri Venkateswaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Sri Venkateswaraa University, No 51, GNT Road, Nallur, Near Redhills, Toll Plaza, Chennai 600067, 2- Associate Professor, Department of General Medicine, Panimalar Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai 600123, Tamil Nadu, India, 3- Private Practice, Hyderabad, Telangana
Address for Correspondence:
Dr Rebekah Raju,
Private Practice,
Hyderabad, Telangana
Email: Orthodonticsdoctor53@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Orthodontically induced root resorption (OIRR) is a common sequela of tooth movement, and intrusion is among the movements most strongly associated with it. Dentin sialo phosphoprotein (DSPP) is a candidate biomarker for its early assessment. This study evaluated DSPP levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of premolars subjected to orthodontic intrusive force.
METHODS: Of 32 patients assessed for eligibility, 20 adults requiring bilateral maxillary first premolar extraction were enrolled in this split-mouth study, with sides randomly allocated. Study-side premolars received a 0.017″ × 0.025″ TMA cantilever intrusion spring delivering 50 g of force; control premolars received no intrusive force. GCF was collected from the gingival sulcus at baseline (T0) and at 4 (T1), 8 (T2) and 12 weeks (T3), and assayed for DSPP by ELISA. Secondary outcomes were amount of intrusion, plaque and gingival indices, and stereomicroscopic and light-microscopic examination of extracted premolars for resorption craters.
RESULTS: Baseline DSPP was comparable between groups. Study-side DSPP rose to 0.066 ± 0.006 IU/L at 4 weeks and peaked at 0.122 ± 0.049 IU/L at 8 weeks, significantly higher than control (p < 0.001); by 12 weeks it had returned towards baseline and no longer differed from control. Repeated-measures ANOVA with Greenhouse–Geisser correction showed a significant effect of time (p = 0.003). Mean intrusion was 0.566 mm over 12 weeks (p = 0.002). Light microscopy showed resorption craters lined by cellular cementum in the middle and apical root thirds on study sides, with intact cementum in all controls.
CONCLUSIONS: GCF DSPP rose measurably during intrusion, peaking at 8 weeks and declining by 12 weeks, and microscopy confirmed active resorption. DSPP is a promising non-invasive marker of active OIRR, but its transient elevation means single-point sampling may miss active resorption.
KEYWORDS: Root Resorption; Innovation; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Biomarkers; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Orthodontically induced root resorption
SOURCE OF FUNDING
The authors received no specific funding for this work.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
How to cite this article: Vijay Krishna Chamarthi, Suresh Kumar Sukumaran, Rebekah Raju. Dentin Sialo Phosphoprotein in Gingival Crevicular Fluid as an Early Marker of Orthodontically Induced Root Resorption during Premolar Intrusion: A Controlled Clinical Trial.
Int J Orthod Rehabil2026; 17 (3): 53-67.
Doi: 10.56501/Intjorthodrehabil.173.ijor0148